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1 Department of Integrative
Biology,
Serum
response element 1 has previously been reported to be necessary and
sufficient for activation of the skeletal 
-actin promoter during
hypertrophy of the anterior latissimus dorsi (ALD) muscle of roosters
[J. A. Carson, R. J. Schwartz, and F. W. Booth. Am. J. Physiol. 270 (Cell Physiol. 39): C1624-C1633,
1996]. Serum response factor (SRF) protein is the
transcription factor that binds as a homodimer to serum response
element 1 and activates the skeletal -actin promoter. An increased
expression of exogenous SRF protein in replicating
C2C12
myoblasts induced a three- to fourfold activation of the skeletal
-actin promoter (L. Wei, W. Zhou, J. D. Croissant, F.-E. Johansen,
R. Prywes, A. Balasubramamyan, and R. J. Schwartz. J. Biol. Chem. 273: 30287-30294, 1998). Thus we
hypothesized that SRF protein concentration would be increased during
hypertrophy of skeletal muscle. In the present study, 10% of the
rooster's body weight was attached to the left wing to induce
enlargement of the ALD muscle compared with the contralateral muscle.
With Western analysis, a significant increase in SRF protein per gram
of wet weight of the ALD muscle was noted at 7 and 13 days of
hypertrophy. Furthermore, the increase in SRF protein occurred in both
crude nuclear protein and cytoplasmic fractions in 7-day stretched ALD
muscles. This is the first report showing increased protein
concentration for a transcription factor whose regulatory element in
the skeletal -actin promoter has previously been shown to be
required for the transduction of a hypertrophy signal in overloaded
skeletal muscle of an animal.
transcription factor; serum response factor; skeletal muscle; muscle enlargement
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