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J Appl Physiol 86: 1728-1738, 1999;
8750-7587/99 $5.00
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Vol. 86, Issue 5, 1728-1738, May 1999

Validity of methods of body composition assessment in young and older men and women

J. L. Clasey1, J. A. Kanaley1, L. Wideman2, S. B. Heymsfield3, C. D. Teates4, M. E. Gutgesell2, M. O. Thorner1, M. L. Hartman1, and A. Weltman1,2

Departments of 1 Internal Medicine, 4 Radiology, and 2 Human Services, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908; and 3 Department of Medicine, Obesity Research Center, St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10025

We examined the validity of percent body fat (%Fat) estimation by two-compartment (2-Comp) hydrostatic weighing (Siri 2-Comp), 3-Comp dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA 3-Comp), 3-Comp hydrostatic weighing corrected for the total body water (Siri 3-Comp), and anthropometric methods in young and older individuals (n = 78). A 4-Comp model of body composition served as the criterion measure of %Fat (Heymsfield 4-Comp; S. B. Heymsfield, S. Lichtman, R. N. Baumgartner, J. Wang, Y. Kamen, A. Aliprantis, and R. N. Pierson Jr., Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 52: 52-58, 1990.). Comparison of the Siri 3-Comp with the Heymsfield 4-Comp model revealed mean differences of <= 0.4 %Fat, r values >=  r = 0.997, total error values <=  0.85 %Fat, and 95% confidence intervals (Bland-Altman analysis) of <= 1.7 %Fat. Comparison of Siri 2-Comp, DEXA, and anthropometric models with the Heymsfield 4-Comp revealed that total error scores ranged from ±4.0 to ±10.7 %Fat, and 95% confidence intervals associated with the Bland-Altman analysis ranged from ±5.1 to ±15.0 %Fat. We conclude that the Siri 3-Comp model provides valid and accurate body composition data when compared with a 4-Comp criterion model. However, the individual variability associated with the Siri 2-Comp, DEXA 3-Comp, and anthropometric models may limit their use in research settings. The use of anthropometric estimation methods resulted in large mean differences and a considerable amount of interindividual variability. These data suggest that the use of these techniques should be viewed with caution.

body density; body water; dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; body fat


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