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Departments of 1 Internal Medicine, 4 Radiology, and 2 Human Services, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908; and 3 Department of Medicine, Obesity Research Center, St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10025
We examined the validity of percent body fat
(%Fat) estimation by two-compartment (2-Comp) hydrostatic weighing
(Siri 2-Comp), 3-Comp dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA 3-Comp),
3-Comp hydrostatic weighing corrected for the total body water (Siri 3-Comp), and anthropometric methods in young and older individuals (n = 78). A 4-Comp model
of body composition served as the criterion measure of %Fat
(Heymsfield 4-Comp; S. B. Heymsfield, S. Lichtman, R. N. Baumgartner,
J. Wang, Y. Kamen, A. Aliprantis, and R. N. Pierson Jr.,
Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 52: 52-58,
1990.). Comparison of the Siri 3-Comp with the
Heymsfield 4-Comp model revealed mean differences of 
0.4 %Fat,
r values 
r = 0.997, total error values 0.85 %Fat, and 95% confidence intervals (Bland-Altman analysis) of 1.7
%Fat. Comparison of Siri 2-Comp, DEXA, and anthropometric models with
the Heymsfield 4-Comp revealed that total error scores ranged from
±4.0 to ±10.7 %Fat, and 95% confidence intervals associated with the Bland-Altman analysis ranged from ±5.1 to ±15.0 %Fat. We conclude that the Siri 3-Comp model provides valid and accurate body
composition data when compared with a 4-Comp criterion model. However,
the individual variability associated with the Siri 2-Comp, DEXA
3-Comp, and anthropometric models may limit their use in research
settings. The use of anthropometric estimation methods resulted in
large mean differences and a considerable amount of interindividual
variability. These data suggest that the use of these techniques should
be viewed with caution.
body density; body water; dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; body fat
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