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1 Department of Pediatrics and Center for Human Nutrition, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado 80262; and 2 Exercise and Sport Research Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287
The purpose of the present study was to
determine the effects of diet composition and exercise on glycerol and
glucose appearance rate (Ra) and
on nonglycerol gluconeogenesis (Gneo) in vivo. Male Wistar rats were
fed a high-starch diet (St, 68% of energy as cornstarch, 12% corn
oil) for a 2-wk baseline period and then were randomly assigned to one
of four experimental groups: St (n = 7), high-fat (HF; 35% cornstarch, 45% corn oil;
n = 8), St with free access to
exercise wheels (StEx; n = 7), and HF
with free access to exercise wheels (HFEx;
n = 7). After 8 wk, glucose Ra when using
[3-3H]glucose,
glycerol Ra when using
[2H5]glycerol
(estimate of whole body lipolysis), and
[3-13C]alanine
incorporation into glucose (estimate of alanine Gneo) were determined.
Body weight and fat pad mass were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in exercise vs.
sedentary animals only. The average amount of exercise was not
significantly different between StEx (3,212 ± 659 m/day) and HFEx
(3,581 ± 765 m/day). The ratio of glucose to alanine
enrichment and absolute glycerol
Ra (µmol/min) were higher
(P < 0.05) in HF and HFEx compared
with St and StEx rats. In separate experiments, the ratio of
3H in C-2 to C-6 of glucose from
3H2O
(estimate of Gneo from pyruvate) was also higher
(P < 0.05) in HF
(n = 5) and HFEx
(n = 5), compared with St
(n = 5) and StEx (n = 5) rats. Voluntary wheel running
did not significantly increase estimated alanine or pyruvate Gneo or
absolute glycerol Ra. Voluntary wheel running increased (P < 0.05) glycerol Ra when
normalized to fat pad mass. These data suggest that a high-fat diet can
increase in vivo Gneo from precursors that pass through pyruvate. They also suggest that changes in the absolute rate of glycerol
Ra may contribute to the high-fat
diet-induced increase in Gneo.
high-fat diet; glucose production; lipolysis
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