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J Appl Physiol 86: 1347-1351, 1999;
8750-7587/99 $5.00
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Vol. 86, Issue 4, 1347-1351, April 1999

Tomographical description of tennis-loaded radius: reciprocal relation between bone size and volumetric BMD

Noriko Ashizawa1, Kiichi Nonaka2, Sizuka Michikami3, Tomoe Mizuki4, Hitoshi Amagai4, Kumpei Tokuyama5, and Masashige Suzuki5

1 Growth Factor Division, National Cancer Center Reseach Institute, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104; 2 Nishimoto Sangyo Co., Ltd., Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0034; Laboratories of 3 Sport Biomechanics and of 5 Biochemistry of Exercise and Nutrition, Institute of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0006; and 4 Tsukuba College of Technology Clinic, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0821, Japan

Effects of long-term tennis loading on volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) and geometric properties of playing-arm radius were examined. Paired forearms of 16 tennis players (10 women) and 12 healthy controls (7 women), aged 18-24 yr, were scanned at mid and distal site by using peripheral quantitative computerized tomography. Tomographic data at midradius showed that tennis playing led to a slight decrease in cortical vBMD (-0.8% vs. nonplaying arm, P < 0.05) and increase both in periosteal and endocoritcal bone area (+15.2% for periosteal bone, P < 0.001; and +18.8% for endocortical bone, P < 0.001). These data suggest that, together with an increase in cortical thickness (+6.4%, P < 0.01), cortical drift toward periosteal direction resulted in improvement of mechanical characteristics of the playing-arm midradius. Enlargement of periosteal bone area was also observed at distal radius (+6.8%, P < 0.01), and the relative side-to-side difference in periosteal bone area was inversely related to that in trabecular vBMD (r = -0.53, P < 0.05). We conclude that an improvement of mechanical properties of young adult bone in response to long-term exercise is related to geometric adaptation but less to changes in vBMD.

exercise; peripheral quantitiative tomography; cortical drift; volumetric bone mineral density


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