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J Appl Physiol 86: 273-284, 1999;
8750-7587/99 $5.00
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Vol. 86, Issue 1, 273-284, January 1999

Modeling diffusion limitation of gas exchange in lungs containing perfluorocarbon

Elisabeth Mates vanLöbensels1, Joseph C. Anderson2, Jacob Hildebrandt1, and Michael P. Hlastala1

Departments of 1 Physiology and Biophysics and 2 Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195

We reported changes in alveolar-arterial PO2 gradient, ventilation-perfusion heterogeneity, and arterial-alveolar PCO2 gradient during partial liquid ventilation (PLV) in healthy piglets (E. A. Mates, P. Tarczy-Hornoch, J. Hildebrandt, J. C. Jackson, and M. P. Hlastala. In: Oxygen Transport to Tissue XVII, edited by C. Ince. New York: Plenum, 1996, vol. 388, p. 585-597). Here we develop two mathematical models to predict transient and steady-state (SS) gas exchange conditions during PLV and to estimate the contribution of diffusion limitation to SS arterial-alveolar differences. In the simplest model, perfluorocarbon is represented as a uniform flat stirred layer and, in a more complex model, as an unstirred spherical layer in a ventilated terminal alveolar sac. Time-dependent solutions of both models show that SS is established for various inert and respiratory gases within 5-150 s. In fluid-filled unventilated terminal units, all times to SS increased sometimes by hours, e.g., SF6 exceeded 4 h. SS solutions for the ventilated spherical model predicted minor end-capillary disequilibrium of inert gases and significant disequilibrium of respiratory gases, which could explain a large portion of the arterial-alveolar PCO2 gradient measured during PLV (14). We conclude that, during PLV, diffusion gradients for gases are generally small, except for CO2.

liquid breathing; perfluorocarbon liquids; mathematical model; gas exchange


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