Journal of Applied Physiology AJP citation statistics
HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced]


     

J Appl Physiol 86: 188-194, 1999;
8750-7587/99 $5.00
This Article
Right arrow Full Text Free
Right arrow Full Text (PDF) Free
Right arrow Submit a response
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me when eLetters are posted
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Lynch, N. A.
Right arrow Articles by Hurley, B. F.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Lynch, N. A.
Right arrow Articles by Hurley, B. F.
Vol. 86, Issue 1, 188-194, January 1999

Muscle quality. I. Age-associated differences between arm and leg muscle groups

N. A. Lynch1,2, E. J. Metter2, R. S. Lindle1, J. L. Fozard2, J. D. Tobin2, T. A. Roy2, J. L. Fleg2, and B. F. Hurley1

1 Department of Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Maryland, College Park 20742; and 2 Gerontology Research Center, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland 21224

To determine the differences between arm and leg muscle quality (MQ) across the adult life span in men and women, concentric (Con) and eccentric (Ecc) peak torque (PT) were measured in 703 subjects (364 men and 339 women, age range 19-93 yr) and appendicular skeletal muscle mass (MM) was determined in the arm and leg in a subgroup of 502 of these subjects (224 men and 278 women). Regression analysis showed that MQ, defined as PT per unit of MM, was significantly higher in the arm (~30%) than in the leg across age in both genders (P < 0.01). Arm and leg MQ declined at a similar rate with age in men, whereas leg MQ declined ~20% more than arm MQ with increasing age in women (P <=  0.01 and P < 0.05 for Con and Ecc PT, respectively). Moreover, the age-associated decrease in arm MQ was steeper in men than in women whether Con or Ecc PT was used (both P < 0.05). Arm MQ as determined by Con PT showed a linear age-related decline in men and women (28 and 20%, respectively, P < 0.001), whereas arm MQ as determined by Ecc PT showed a linear age-related decline in men (25%, P < 0.001) but not in women (not significant). In contrast, both genders exhibited an age-related quadratic decline in leg MQ as determined by Con PT (~40%) and Ecc PT (~25%; both P < 0.001), and the rate of decline was similar for men and women. Thus MQ is affected by age and gender, but the magnitude of this effect depends on the muscle group studied and the type of muscle action (Con vs. Ecc) used to assess strength.

concentric and eccentric peak torque; muscle strength; appendicular skeletal muscle mass; gender differences


This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 Am. J. Clin. Nutr.Home page
M. J Delmonico, T. B Harris, M. Visser, S. W. Park, M. B Conroy, P. Velasquez-Mieyer, R. Boudreau, T. M Manini, M. Nevitt, A. B Newman, et al.
Longitudinal study of muscle strength, quality, and adipose tissue infiltration
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, December 1, 2009; 90(6): 1579 - 1585.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Age AgeingHome page
R. Akagi, Y. Takai, M. Ohta, H. Kanehisa, Y. Kawakami, and T. Fukunaga
Muscle volume compared to cross-sectional area is more appropriate for evaluating muscle strength in young and elderly individuals
Age Ageing, September 1, 2009; 38(5): 564 - 569.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur J EndocrinolHome page
T. A C M van Geel, P. P Geusens, B. Winkens, J.-P. J E Sels, and G.-J. Dinant
Measures of bioavailable serum testosterone and estradiol and their relationships with muscle mass, muscle strength and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: a cross-sectional study
Eur. J. Endocrinol., April 1, 2009; 160(4): 681 - 687.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
S. Walsh, D. Liu, E. J. Metter, L. Ferrucci, and S. M. Roth
ACTN3 genotype is associated with muscle phenotypes in women across the adult age span
J Appl Physiol, November 1, 2008; 105(5): 1486 - 1491.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Clin RehabilHome page
R. Hasegawa, M. M Islam, Sung Chul Lee, D. Koizumi, M. E Rogers, and N. Takeshima
Threshold of lower body muscular strength necessary to perform ADL independently in community-dwelling older adults
Clinical Rehabilitation, October 1, 2008; 22(10-11): 902 - 910.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
D. Liu, E. J. Metter, L. Ferrucci, and S. M. Roth
TNF promoter polymorphisms associated with muscle phenotypes in humans
J Appl Physiol, September 1, 2008; 105(3): 859 - 867.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
C. D. Black, C. P. Elder, A. Gorgey, and G. A. Dudley
High specific torque is related to lengthening contraction-induced skeletal muscle injury
J Appl Physiol, March 1, 2008; 104(3): 639 - 647.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical SciencesHome page
K. Kubo, Y. Ishida, T. Komuro, N. Tsunoda, H. Kanehisa, and T. Fukunaga
Age-Related Differences in the Force Generation Capabilities and Tendon Extensibilities of Knee Extensors and Plantar Flexors in Men
J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., November 1, 2007; 62(11): 1252 - 1258.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
B. D. Hand, M. C. Kostek, R. E. Ferrell, M. J. Delmonico, L. W. Douglass, S. M. Roth, J. M. Hagberg, and B. F. Hurley
Influence of promoter region variants of insulin-like growth factor pathway genes on the strength-training response of muscle phenotypes in older adults
J Appl Physiol, November 1, 2007; 103(5): 1678 - 1687.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical SciencesHome page
X. Wang, G. D. Miller, S. P. Messier, and B. J. Nicklas
Knee Strength Maintained Despite Loss of Lean Body Mass During Weight Loss in Older Obese Adults With Knee Osteoarthritis
J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., August 1, 2007; 62(8): 866 - 871.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
S. Walsh, E. J. Metter, L. Ferrucci, and S. M. Roth
Activin-type II receptor B (ACVR2B) and follistatin haplotype associations with muscle mass and strength in humans
J Appl Physiol, June 1, 2007; 102(6): 2142 - 2148.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical SciencesHome page
A. P. Marsh, M. E. Miller, A. M. Saikin, W. J. Rejeski, N. Hu, F. Lauretani, S. Bandinelli, J. M. Guralnik, and L. Ferrucci
Lower Extremity Strength and Power Are Associated With 400-Meter Walk Time in Older Adults: The InCHIANTI Study
J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., November 1, 2006; 61(11): 1186 - 1193.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical SciencesHome page
B. H. Goodpaster, S. W. Park, T. B. Harris, S. B. Kritchevsky, M. Nevitt, A. V. Schwartz, E. M. Simonsick, F. A. Tylavsky, M. Visser, A. B. Newman, et al.
The loss of skeletal muscle strength, mass, and quality in older adults: the health, aging and body composition study.
J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., October 1, 2006; 61(10): 1059 - 1064.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DiabetesHome page
S. W. Park, B. H. Goodpaster, E. S. Strotmeyer, N. de Rekeneire, T. B. Harris, A. V. Schwartz, F. A. Tylavsky, and A. B. Newman
Decreased Muscle Strength and Quality in Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: The Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study
Diabetes, June 1, 2006; 55(6): 1813 - 1818.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Exp PhysiolHome page
N. D. Reeves, M. V. Narici, and C. N. Maganaris
Myotendinous plasticity to ageing and resistance exercise in humans
Exp Physiol, May 1, 2006; 91(3): 483 - 498.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 PediatricsHome page
C.-K. Kong and H.-S. S. Wong
Weight-for-Height Values and Limb Anthropometric Composition of Tube-Fed Children With Quadriplegic Cerebral Palsy
Pediatrics, December 1, 2005; 116(6): e839 - e845.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
A. Katsiaras, A. B. Newman, A. Kriska, J. Brach, S. Krishnaswami, E. Feingold, S. B. Kritchevsky, R. Li, T. B. Harris, A. Schwartz, et al.
Skeletal muscle fatigue, strength, and quality in the elderly: the Health ABC Study
J Appl Physiol, July 1, 2005; 99(1): 210 - 216.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
M. C. Kostek, M. J. Delmonico, J. B. Reichel, S. M. Roth, L. Douglass, R. E. Ferrell, and B. F. Hurley
Muscle strength response to strength training is influenced by insulin-like growth factor 1 genotype in older adults
J Appl Physiol, June 1, 2005; 98(6): 2147 - 2154.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical SciencesHome page
E. J. Metter, M. Schrager, L. Ferrucci, and L. A. Talbot
Evaluation of Movement Speed and Reaction Time as Predictors of All-Cause Mortality in Men
J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., June 1, 2005; 60(7): 840 - 846.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Am. Coll. Nutr.Home page
H. C. Dreyer and E. Volpi
Role of Protein and Amino Acids in the Pathophysiology and Treatment of Sarcopenia
J. Am. Coll. Nutr., April 1, 2005; 24(2): 140S - 145S.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical SciencesHome page
D. G. Candow and P. D. Chilibeck
Differences in Size, Strength, and Power of Upper and Lower Body Muscle Groups in Young and Older Men
J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., February 1, 2005; 60(2): 148 - 156.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
S. Walsh, J. M. Zmuda, J. A. Cauley, P. R. Shea, E. J. Metter, B. F. Hurley, R. E. Ferrell, and S. M. Roth
Androgen receptor CAG repeat polymorphism is associated with fat-free mass in men
J Appl Physiol, January 1, 2005; 98(1): 132 - 137.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
J. K. Petrella, J.-s. Kim, S. C. Tuggle, S. R. Hall, and M. M. Bamman
Age differences in knee extension power, contractile velocity, and fatigability
J Appl Physiol, January 1, 2005; 98(1): 211 - 220.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
M. A. Schrager, S. M. Roth, R. E. Ferrell, E. J. Metter, E. Russek-Cohen, N. A. Lynch, R. S. Lindle, and B. F. Hurley
Insulin-like growth factor-2 genotype, fat-free mass, and muscle performance across the adult life span
J Appl Physiol, December 1, 2004; 97(6): 2176 - 2183.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical SciencesHome page
H. H. C. M. Savelberg and K. Meijer
The Effect of Age and Joint Angle on the Proportionality of Extensor and Flexor Strength at the Knee Joint
J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., November 1, 2004; 59(11): 1120 - 1128.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical SciencesHome page
B. K. Barry and R. G. Carson
The Consequences of Resistance Training for Movement Control in Older Adults
J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., July 1, 2004; 59(7): M730 - M754.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical SciencesHome page
J. Ochala, D. Valour, M. Pousson, D. Lambertz, and J. Van Hoecke
Gender Differences in Human Muscle and Joint Mechanical Properties During Plantar Flexion in Old Age
J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., May 1, 2004; 59(5): B441 - B448.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
D. A. Lowe, G. L. Warren, L. M. Snow, L. V. Thompson, and D. D. Thomas
Muscle activity and aging affect myosin structural distribution and force generation in rat fibers
J Appl Physiol, February 1, 2004; 96(2): 498 - 506.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
E. J. Metter, L. A. Talbot, M. Schrager, and R. A. Conwit
Arm-cranking muscle power and arm isometric muscle strength are independent predictors of all-cause mortality in men
J Appl Physiol, February 1, 2004; 96(2): 814 - 821.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
A. M. Holmback, M. M. Porter, D. Downham, J. L. Andersen, and J. Lexell
Structure and function of the ankle dorsiflexor muscles in young and moderately active men and women
J Appl Physiol, December 1, 2003; 95(6): 2416 - 2424.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
A. M. Payne, S. L. Dodd, and C. Leeuwenburgh
Life-long calorie restriction in Fischer 344 rats attenuates age-related loss in skeletal muscle-specific force and reduces extracellular space
J Appl Physiol, December 1, 2003; 95(6): 2554 - 2562.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical SciencesHome page
S. M. Roth, M. A. Schrager, M. R. Lee, E. J. Metter, B. F. Hurley, and R. E. Ferrell
Interleukin-6 (IL6) Genotype Is Associated With Fat-Free Mass in Men But Not Women
J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., December 1, 2003; 58(12): B1085 - 1088.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
T. J. Doherty
Invited Review: Aging and sarcopenia
J Appl Physiol, October 1, 2003; 95(4): 1717 - 1727.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
S. M. Roth, E. J. Metter, M. R. Lee, B. F. Hurley, and R. E. Ferrell
C174T polymorphism in the CNTF receptor gene is associated with fat-free mass in men and women
J Appl Physiol, October 1, 2003; 95(4): 1425 - 1430.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
E. T. Schroeder, M. Terk, and F. R. Sattler
Androgen therapy improves muscle mass and strength but not muscle quality: results from two studies
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, July 1, 2003; 285(1): E16 - E24.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical SciencesHome page
T. Hortobagyi, C. Mizelle, S. Beam, and P. DeVita
Old Adults Perform Activities of Daily Living Near Their Maximal Capabilities
J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., May 1, 2003; 58(5): M453 - 460.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical SciencesHome page
E. J. Metter, L. A. Talbot, M. Schrager, and R. Conwit
Skeletal Muscle Strength as a Predictor of All-Cause Mortality in Healthy Men
J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., October 1, 2002; 57(10): B359 - 365.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Physiol. GenomicsHome page
S. M. Roth, R. E. Ferrell, D. G. Peters, E. J. Metter, B. F. Hurley, and M. A. Rogers
Influence of age, sex, and strength training on human muscle gene expression determined by microarray
Physiol Genomics, September 3, 2002; 10(3): 181 - 190.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
T. A. Roy, M. R. Blackman, S. M. Harman, J. D. Tobin, M. Schrager, and E. J. Metter
Interrelationships of serum testosterone and free testosterone index with FFM and strength in aging men
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, August 1, 2002; 283(2): E284 - E294.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical SciencesHome page
S. Trappe, D. Williamson, and M. Godard
Maintenance of Whole Muscle Strength and Size Following Resistance Training in Older Men
J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., April 1, 2002; 57(4): B138 - 143.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
C. S. Klein, C. L. Rice, and G. D. Marsh
Normalized force, activation, and coactivation in the arm muscles of young and old men
J Appl Physiol, September 1, 2001; 91(3): 1341 - 1349.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical SciencesHome page
I. S. Kwon, S. Oldaker, M. Schrager, L. A. Talbot, J. L. Fozard, and E. J. Metter
Relationship Between Muscle Strength and the Time Taken to Complete a Standardized Walk-Turn-Walk Test
J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., September 1, 2001; 56(9): B398 - 404.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
B. H. Goodpaster, C. L. Carlson, M. Visser, D. E. Kelley, A. Scherzinger, T. B. Harris, E. Stamm, and A. B. Newman
Attenuation of skeletal muscle and strength in the elderly: The Health ABC Study
J Appl Physiol, June 1, 2001; 90(6): 2157 - 2165.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
S. M. Roth, M. A. Schrager, R. E. Ferrell, S. E. Riechman, E. J. Metter, N. A. Lynch, R. S. Lindle, and B. F. Hurley
CNTF genotype is associated with muscular strength and quality in humans across the adult age span
J Appl Physiol, April 1, 2001; 90(4): 1205 - 1210.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
M. Izquierdo, K. Hakkinen, J. Ibanez, M. Garrues, A. Anton, A. Zuniga, J. L. Larrion, and E. M. Gorostiaga
Effects of strength training on muscle power and serum hormones in middle-aged and older men
J Appl Physiol, April 1, 2001; 90(4): 1497 - 1507.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical SciencesHome page
V. A. Hughes, W. R. Frontera, M. Wood, W. J. Evans, G. E. Dallal, R. Roubenoff, and M. A. F. Singh
Longitudinal Muscle Strength Changes in Older Adults: Influence of Muscle Mass, Physical Activity, and Health
J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., April 1, 2001; 56(5): 209B - 217.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol.Home page
W. R. Frontera, D. Suh, L. S. Krivickas, V. A. Hughes, R. Goldstein, and R. Roubenoff
Skeletal muscle fiber quality in older men and women
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, September 1, 2000; 279(3): C611 - C618.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
R. A. Burnett, D. H. Laidlaw, and R. M. Enoka
Coactivation of the antagonist muscle does not covary with steadiness in old adults
J Appl Physiol, July 1, 2000; 89(1): 61 - 71.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical SciencesHome page
W. J. Evans
Editorial: Exercise Strategies Should Be Designed to Increase Muscle Power
J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., June 1, 2000; 55(6): 309M - 310.
[Full Text]

Home page
 J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
P. DeVita and T. Hortobagyi
Age causes a redistribution of joint torques and powers during gait
J Appl Physiol, May 1, 2000; 88(5): 1804 - 1811.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
W. R. Frontera, V. A. Hughes, R. A. Fielding, M. A. Fiatarone, W. J. Evans, and R. Roubenoff
Aging of skeletal muscle: a 12-yr longitudinal study
J Appl Physiol, April 1, 2000; 88(4): 1321 - 1326.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical SciencesHome page
T. J. Overend, T. H. Versteegh, E. Thompson, T. B. Birmingham, and A. A. Vandervoort
Cardiovascular Stress Associated With Concentric and Eccentric Isokinetic Exercise in Young and Older Adults
J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., April 1, 2000; 55(4): 177B - 182.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
S. M. Roth, G. F. Martel, F. M. Ivey, J. T. Lemmer, E. J. Metter, B. F. Hurley, and M. A. Rogers
High-volume, heavy-resistance strength training and muscle damage in young and older women
J Appl Physiol, March 1, 2000; 88(3): 1112 - 1118.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical SciencesHome page
F. M. Ivey, B. L. Tracy, J. T. Lemmer, M. NessAiver, E. J. Metter, J. L. Fozard, and B. F. Hurley
Effects of Strength Training and Detraining on Muscle Quality: Age and Gender Comparisons
J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., March 1, 2000; 55(3): 152B - 157.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 Biol Res NursHome page
J. M. Gaines and L. A. Talbot
Isokinetic Strength Testing in Research and Practice
Biol Res Nurs, July 1, 1999; 1(1): 57 - 64.
[Abstract] [PDF]


HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
Visit Other APS Journals Online