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1 Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; and 2 Honolulu Heart Program, Honolulu-Asia Aging Study, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813
The aim of this
study was to describe changes in grip strength over a follow-up period
of ~27 yr and to study the associations of rate of strength decline
with weight change and chronic conditions. The data are from the
Honolulu Heart Program, a prospective population-based study
established in 1965. Participants at exam
1 were 8,006 men (ages 45-68 yr) who were of
Japanese ancestry and living in Hawaii. At follow-up, 3,741 men (age
range, 71-96 yr) participated. Those who died before the follow-up
showed significantly lower grip-strength values at baseline than did
the survivors. The average annualized strength change among the
survivors was
1.0%. Steeper decline (>1.5%/yr) was
associated with older age at baseline, greater weight decrease, and
chronic conditions such as stroke, diabetes, arthritis, coronary heart
disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The risk factors
for having very low hand-grip strength at follow-up, here termed
grip-strength disability (
21 kg, the lowest 10th percentile), were
largely same as those for steep strength decline. However, the
age-adjusted correlation between baseline and follow-up strength was
strong (r = 0.557, P < 0.001); i.e., those who showed
greater grip strength at baseline were also likely to do so 27 yr
later. Consequently, those in the lowest grip-strength tertile at
baseline had about eight times greater risk of grip-strength disability
than those in the highest tertile because of their lower reserve of
strength. In old age, maintenance of optimal body mass may help prevent
steep strength decrease and poor absolute strength.
aging; muscle strength; prospective study; body composition; chronic diseases
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