| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Presbyterian Hospital of Dallas, Dallas 75231; and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75235
Moderate-altitude living (2,500 m), combined with low-altitude training (1,250 m) (i.e., live
high-train low), results in a significantly greater improvement in
maximal O2 uptake
(
O2 max) and performance over equivalent sea-level training. Although the mean
improvement in group response with this "high-low" training model
is clear, the individual response displays a wide variability. To
determine the factors that contribute to this variability, 39 collegiate runners (27 men, 12 women) were retrospectively divided into
responders (n = 17) and nonresponders
(n = 15) to altitude training on the
basis of the change in sea-level 5,000-m run time determined before and
after 28 days of living at moderate altitude and training at either low
or moderate altitude. In addition, 22 elite runners were examined
prospectively to confirm the significance of these factors in a
separate population. In the retrospective analysis, responders
displayed a significantly larger increase in erythropoietin (Epo)
concentration after 30 h at altitude compared with
nonresponders. After 14 days at altitude, Epo was still elevated in
responders but was not significantly different from sea-level values in
nonresponders. The Epo response led to a significant increase in total
red cell volume and
O2 max in responders; in contrast, nonresponders did not show a difference in total red cell
volume or O2 max
after altitude training. Nonresponders demonstrated a significant
slowing of interval-training velocity at altitude and thus achieved a
smaller O2 consumption during those intervals, compared with responders. The acute increases in Epo
and O2 max
were significantly higher in the prospective cohort of responders,
compared with nonresponders, to altitude training. In conclusion, after
a 28-day altitude training camp, a significant improvement in 5,000-m
run performance is, in part, dependent on
1) living at a high enough altitude
to achieve a large acute increase in Epo, sufficient to increase the
total red cell volume and
O2 max, and
2) training at a low enough altitude
to maintain interval training velocity and
O2 flux near sea-level values.
athletes; hypoxia; erythropoietin; exercise
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  J. T. S. Brooks, G. P. Elvidge, L. Glenny, J. M. Gleadle, C. Liu, J. Ragoussis, T. G. Smith, N. P. Talbot, L. Winchester, P. H. Maxwell, et al. Variations within oxygen-regulated gene expression in humans J Appl Physiol, January 1, 2009; 106(1): 212 - 220. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. A. Rodriguez, M. J. Truijens, N. E. Townsend, J. Stray-Gundersen, C. J. Gore, and B. D. Levine Performance of runners and swimmers after four weeks of intermittent hypobaric hypoxic exposure plus sea level training J Appl Physiol, November 1, 2007; 103(5): 1523 - 1535. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Q. Fu, N. E. Townsend, S. M. Shiller, E. R. Martini, K. Okazaki, S. Shibata, M. J. Truijens, F. A. Rodriguez, C. J. Gore, J. Stray-Gundersen, et al. Intermittent hypobaric hypoxia exposure does not cause sustained alterations in autonomic control of blood pressure in young athletes Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, May 1, 2007; 292(5): R1977 - R1984. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. P. Wehrlin, P. Zuest, J. Hallen, and B. Marti Live high-train low for 24 days increases hemoglobin mass and red cell volume in elite endurance athletes J Appl Physiol, June 1, 2006; 100(6): 1938 - 1945. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. A. Basset, D. R. Joanisse, F. Boivin, J. St-Onge, F. Billaut, J. Dore, R. Chouinard, G. Falgairette, D. Richard, and M. R. Boulay Effects of short-term normobaric hypoxia on haematology, muscle phenotypes and physical performance in highly trained athletes Exp Physiol, March 1, 2006; 91(2): 391 - 402. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Keslacy, R. S. Mazzeo, D. A. Giussani, A. S. Thakor, G. Insalaco, M. R. Bonsignore, F. A. Rodriguez, K. S. Mark, C. Reboul, S. Tanguy, et al. Commentary on Point-Counterpoint J Appl Physiol, January 1, 2006; 100(1): 363 - 363. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. D. Noakes, P. E. di Prampero, C. Capelli, T. Zaobornyj, L. B Valdez, A. Boveris, M. Ashenden, T. W. Secomb, S. Dufour, E. Ponsot, et al. Comments on Point:Counterpoint "Positive effects of intermittent hypoxia (live high:train low) on exercise performance are/are not mediated primarily by augmented red cell volume" J Appl Physiol, December 1, 2005; 99(6): 2453 - 2462. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. D. Levine and J. Stray-Gundersen Point: Positive effects of intermittent hypoxia (live high:train low) on exercise performance are mediated primarily by augmented red cell volume J Appl Physiol, November 1, 2005; 99(5): 2053 - 2055. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. J Gore and W. G Hopkins Counterpoint: Positive effects of intermittent hypoxia (live high:train low) on exercise performance are not mediated primarily by augmented red cell volume J Appl Physiol, November 1, 2005; 99(5): 2055 - 2057. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. J. Gore, W. G. Hopkins, and C. M. Burge Errors of measurement for blood volume parameters: a meta-analysis J Appl Physiol, November 1, 2005; 99(5): 1745 - 1758. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B Friedmann, F Frese, E Menold, F Kauper, J Jost, and P Bartsch Individual variation in the erythropoietic response to altitude training in elite junior swimmers Br. J. Sports Med., March 1, 2005; 39(3): 148 - 153. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. G. Julian, C. J. Gore, R. L. Wilber, J. T. Daniels, M. Fredericson, J. Stray-Gundersen, A. G. Hahn, R. Parisotto, and B. D. Levine Intermittent normobaric hypoxia does not alter performance or erythropoietic markers in highly trained distance runners J Appl Physiol, May 1, 2004; 96(5): 1800 - 1807. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. M. Niess, E. Fehrenbach, I. Lorenz, A. Muller, H. Northoff, H.-H. Dickhuth, and E. M. Schneider Antioxidant intervention does not affect the response of plasma erythropoietin to short-term normobaric hypoxia in humans J Appl Physiol, March 1, 2004; 96(3): 1231 - 1235. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. E. Townsend, C. J. Gore, A. G. Hahn, M. J. McKenna, R. J. Aughey, S. A. Clark, T. Kinsman, J. A. Hawley, and C.-M. Chow Living high-training low increases hypoxic ventilatory response of well-trained endurance athletes J Appl Physiol, October 1, 2002; 93(4): 1498 - 1505. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R.-L. Ge, S. Witkowski, Y. Zhang, C. Alfrey, M. Sivieri, T. Karlsen, G. K. Resaland, M. Harber, J. Stray-Gundersen, and B. D. Levine Determinants of erythropoietin release in response to short-term hypobaric hypoxia J Appl Physiol, June 1, 2002; 92(6): 2361 - 2367. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. A. Kinsman, A. G. Hahn, C. J. Gore, B. R. Wilsmore, D. T. Martin, and C.-M. Chow Respiratory events and periodic breathing in cyclists sleeping at 2,650-m simulated altitude J Appl Physiol, May 1, 2002; 92(5): 2114 - 2118. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. W. Williamson, R. McColl, D. Mathews, J. H. Mitchell, P. B. Raven, and W. P. Morgan Brain activation by central command during actual and imagined handgrip under hypnosis J Appl Physiol, March 1, 2002; 92(3): 1317 - 1324. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Stray-Gundersen, R. F. Chapman, and B. D. Levine "Living high-training low" altitude training improves sea level performance in male and female elite runners J Appl Physiol, September 1, 2001; 91(3): 1113 - 1120. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
| Visit Other APS Journals Online |
