Journal of Applied Physiology
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J Appl Physiol 85: 1285-1291, 1998;
8750-7587/98 $5.00
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Vol. 85, Issue 4, 1285-1291, October 1998

Patterned cardiovascular responses to sleep and nonrespiratory arousals in a porcine model

Sandrine H. Launois1,2,3, Joseph H. Abraham3, J. Woodrow Weiss1,2,4, and Debra A. Kirby3

1 Charles A. Dana Research Institute and Harvard-Thorndike Laboratory, 2 Department of Medicine, and 4 Sleep Disorders Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02215; and 3 Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Brockton/West Roxbury Division, West Roxbury, Massachusetts 02132

Patients with obstructive sleep apnea experience marked cardiovascular changes with apnea termination. Based on this observation, we hypothesized that sudden sleep disruption is accompanied by a specific, patterned hemodynamic response, similar to the cardiovascular defense reaction. To test this hypothesis, we recorded mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate, iliac blood flow and vascular resistance, and renal blood flow and vascular resistance in five pigs instrumented with chronic sleep electrodes. Cardiovascular parameters were recorded during quiet wakefulness, during non-rapid-eye-movement and rapid-eye-movement sleep, and during spontaneous and induced arousals. Iliac vasodilation (iliac vascular resistance decreased by -29.6 ± 4.1% of baseline) associated with renal vasoconstriction (renal vascular resistance increased by 10.3 ± 4.0%), tachycardia (heart rate increase: +23.8 ± 3.1%), and minimal changes in mean arterial blood pressure were the most common pattern of arousal response, but other hemodynamic patterns were observed. Similar findings were obtained in rapid-eye-movement sleep and for acoustic and tactile arousals. In conclusion, spontaneous and induced arousals from sleep may be associated with simultaneous visceral vasoconstriction and hindlimb vasodilation, but the response is variable.

sleep apnea; swine; defense reaction


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