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1 Departments of Physiology and Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; 2 Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, University of L'Aquila, Italy; and 3 Chirurgische Forschung, ZLF Kantonspital, Basel, 4000, Switzerland
Energy
metabolism and interstitial fluid displacement were studied in the
human gastrocnemius during three subsequent 5-min ischemia-reperfusion periods [ischemic preconditioning
(IP)]. The muscle energy balance was assessed by combining
near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and
31P-nuclear magnetic resonance
spectroscopy (31P-NMRS). The
interstitial fluid displacement was determined by combining NIRS and
23Na-NMRS. No changes in total
energy consumption or in the fractional contribution of the underlying
energy sources (aerobic glycolysis, anaerobic glycolysis, and Lohmann
reaction) were observed in the muscle during the tested IP protocol.
Oxygen consumption in the muscle region of interest, as estimated by
NIRS, was ~8 µmol · 100 g
1 · min1
and did not change during IP. Phosphocreatine and ATP concentrations did not change over the whole experimental period. A slight but significant (P < 0.05) increase in
intracellular pH was observed. Compared with the control, a 10%
greater interstitial fluid content per muscle unit volume was observed
at the end of the IP protocol. It is concluded that, at variance with
cardiac muscle, repeated 5-min ischemia-reperfusion cycles do
not induce metabolic changes in human gastrocnemius but alter the
interstitial fluid readjustment. The techniques developed in the
present study may be useful in identifying protocols suitable for
skeletal muscle preconditioning and to explain the functional basis of
this procedure.
muscle ischemic preconditioning; near-infrared spectroscopy; phosphorus-31-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; sodium-23-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
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