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1 Geriatric Research,
Education, and Clinical Center, Department of Veterans
Affairs, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, Audie L. Murphy
Division, San Antonio 78284; Departments of
2 Physiology,
3 Medicine, and
4 Pharmacology,
Whether nitric oxide (NO) is involved in cutaneous active vasodilation during hyperthermia in humans is unclear. We tested for a role of NO in this process during heat stress (water-perfused suits) in seven healthy subjects. Two forearm sites were instrumented with intradermal microdialysis probes. One site was perfused with the NO synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) dissolved in Ringer solution to abolish NO production. The other site was perfused with Ringer solution only. At those sites, skin blood flow (laser-Doppler flowmetry) and sweat rate were simultaneously and continuously monitored. Cutaneous vascular conductance, calculated from laser-Doppler flowmetry and mean arterial pressure, was normalized to maximal levels as achieved by perfusion with the NO donor nitroprusside through the microdialysis probes. Under normothermic conditions, L-NAME did not significantly reduce cutaneous vascular conductance. During hyperthermia, with skin temperature held at 38-38.5°C, internal temperature rose from 36.66 ± 0.10 to 37.34 ± 0.06°C (P < 0.01). Cutaneous vascular conductance at untreated sites increased from 12 ± 2 to 44 ± 5% of maximum, but only rose from 13 ± 2 to 30 ± 5% of maximum at L-NAME-treated sites (P < 0.05 between sites) during heat stress. L-NAME had no effect on sweat rate (P > 0.05). Thus cutaneous active vasodilation requires functional NO synthase to achieve full expression.
skin blood flow; microdialysis; laser-Doppler flowmetry
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D. L. Kellogg Jr., J. L. Zhao, C. Friel, and L. J. Roman Nitric oxide concentration increases in the cutaneous interstitial space during heat stress in humans J Appl Physiol, May 1, 2003; 94(5): 1971 - 1977. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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L. A. Holowatz, B. L. Houghton, B. J. Wong, B. W. Wilkins, A. W. Harding, W. L. Kenney, and C. T. Minson Nitric oxide and attenuated reflex cutaneous vasodilation in aged skin Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, May 1, 2003; 284(5): H1662 - H1667. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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I. C Roddie Sympathetic vasodilatation in human skin J. Physiol., April 15, 2003; 548(2): 336 - 337. [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Shibasaki, T. E. Wilson, J. Cui, and C. G. Crandall Acetylcholine released from cholinergic nerves contributes to cutaneous vasodilation during heat stress J Appl Physiol, December 1, 2002; 93(6): 1947 - 1951. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. T. Minson, L. A. Holowatz, B. J. Wong, W. L. Kenney, and B. W. Wilkins Decreased nitric oxide- and axon reflex-mediated cutaneous vasodilation with age during local heating J Appl Physiol, November 1, 2002; 93(5): 1644 - 1649. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. L. Kellogg Jr., Y. Liu, K. McAllister, C. Friel, and P. E. Pergola Bradykinin does not mediate cutaneous active vasodilation during heat stress in humans J Appl Physiol, October 1, 2002; 93(4): 1215 - 1221. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C G Crandall, M Shibasaki, and T C Yen Evidence that the human cutaneous venoarteriolar response is not mediated by adrenergic mechanisms J. Physiol., January 15, 2002; 538(2): 599 - 605. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. J. Joyner, N. M. Dietz, and J. T. Shepherd From Belfast to Mayo and beyond: the use and future of plethysmography to study blood flow in human limbs J Appl Physiol, December 1, 2001; 91(6): 2431 - 2441. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. J Weisbrod, C. T Minson, M. J Joyner, and J. R Halliwill Effects of regional phentolamine on hypoxic vasodilatation in healthy humans J. Physiol., December 1, 2001; 537(2): 613 - 621. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. L. Kellogg Jr., Y. Liu, and P. E. Pergola Genome and Hormones: Gender Differences in Physiology: Selected Contribution: Gender differences in the endothelin-B receptor contribution to basal cutaneous vascular tone in humans J Appl Physiol, November 1, 2001; 91(5): 2407 - 2411. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. P. Stephens, N. Charkoudian, J. M. Benevento, J. M. Johnson, and J. L. Saumet The influence of topical capsaicin on the local thermal control of skin blood flow in humans Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, September 1, 2001; 281(3): R894 - R901. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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G. W. Mack, D. Cordero, and J. Peters Baroreceptor modulation of active cutaneous vasodilation during dynamic exercise in humans J Appl Physiol, April 1, 2001; 90(4): 1464 - 1473. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Shibasaki and C. G. Crandall Effect of local acetylcholinesterase inhibition on sweat rate in humans J Appl Physiol, March 1, 2001; 90(3): 757 - 762. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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K. L. Ryan, M. R. Tehrany, and J. R. Jauchem Nitric oxide does not contribute to the hypotension of heatstroke J Appl Physiol, March 1, 2001; 90(3): 961 - 970. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. G. Crandall and D. A. MacLean Cutaneous interstitial nitric oxide concentration does not increase during heat stress in humans J Appl Physiol, March 1, 2001; 90(3): 1020 - 1024. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. Shastry, C. T. Minson, S. A. Wilson, N. M. Dietz, and M. J. Joyner Effects of atropine and L-NAME on cutaneous blood flow during body heating in humans J Appl Physiol, February 1, 2000; 88(2): 467 - 472. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. L. Kellogg Jr., Y. Liu, I. F. Kosiba, and D. O'Donnell Role of nitric oxide in the vascular effects of local warming of the skin in humans J Appl Physiol, April 1, 1999; 86(4): 1185 - 1190. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. Shastry, N. M. Dietz, J. R. Halliwill, A. S. Reed, and M. J. Joyner Effects of nitric oxide synthase inhibition on cutaneous vasodilation during body heating in humans J Appl Physiol, September 1, 1998; 85(3): 830 - 834. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C G Crandall, M Shibasaki, and T C Yen Evidence that the human cutaneous venoarteriolar response is not mediated by adrenergic mechanisms J. Physiol., January 15, 2002; 538(2): 599 - 605. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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