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Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Metabolic Research, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405
Determinants of daily energy needs and physical
activity are unknown in free-living elderly. This study examined
determinants of daily total energy expenditure (TEE) and
free-living physical activity in older women
(n = 51; age = 67 ± 6 yr) and men
(n = 48; age = 70 ± 7 yr) by using
doubly labeled water and indirect calorimetry. Using
multiple-regression analyses, we predicted TEE by using anthropometric,
physiological, and physical activity indexes. Data were collected on
resting metabolic rate (RMR), body composition, peak oxygen consumption
(
O2 peak),
leisure time activity, and plasma thyroid hormone. Data adjusted for
body composition were not different between older women and men,
respectively (in kcal/day): TEE, 2,306 ± 647 vs. 2,456 ± 666;
RMR, 1,463 ± 244 vs. 1,378 ± 249; and physical activity energy
expenditure, 612 ± 570 vs. 832 ± 581. In a subgroup of 70 women
and men, RMR and
O2 peak
explained approximately two-thirds of the variance in TEE
(R2 = 0.62;
standard error of the estimate = ±348 kcal/day). Crossvalidation of
this equation in the remaining 29 women and men was successful, with no
difference between predicted and measured TEE (2,364 ± 398 and
2,406 ± 571 kcal/day, respectively). The strongest predictors of
physical activity energy expenditure
(P < 0.05) for women
and men were O2 peak
(r = 0.43), fat-free mass
(r = 0.39), and body mass
(r = 0.34). In summary, RMR and
O2 peak are important
independent predictors of energy requirements in the elderly.
Furthermore, cardiovascular fitness and fat-free mass are moderate
predictors of physical activity in free-living elderly.
total daily energy expenditure; elderly; aerobic capacity; physical activity
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