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J Appl Physiol 85: 484-489, 1998;
8750-7587/98 $5.00
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Vol. 85, Issue 2, 484-489, August 1998

Expanded blood volumes contribute to the increased cardiovascular performance of endurance-trained older men

James M. Hagberg1,2, Andrew P. Goldberg1, Loretta Lakatta1, Frances C. O'Connor3, Lewis C. Becker4, Edward G. Lakatta3, and Jerome L. Fleg3

1 Division of Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Geriatrics Service and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore 21201; 2 Center on Aging and Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park 20742; 3 Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences, Gerontology Research Center, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore 21224; and 4 Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21222

To determine whether expanded intravascular volumes contribute to the older athlete's higher exercise stroke volume and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max), we measured peak upright cycle ergometry cardiac volumes (99mTc ventriculography) and plasma (125I-labeled albumin) and red cell (NaCr51) volumes in 7 endurance-trained and 12 age-matched lean sedentary men. The athletes had ~40% higher VO2 max values than did the sedentary men and larger relative plasma (46 vs. 38 ml/kg), red cell (30 vs. 26 ml/kg), and total blood volumes (76 vs. 64 ml/kg) (all P < 0.05). Athletes had larger peak cycle ergometer exercise stroke volume indexes (75 vs. 57 ml/m2, P < 0.05) and 17% larger end-diastolic volume indexes. In the total group, VO2 max correlated with plasma, red cell, and total blood volumes (r = 0.61-0.70, P < 0.01). Peak exercise stroke volume was correlated directly with the blood volume variables (r = 0.59-0.67, P < 0.01). Multiple regression analyses showed that fat-free mass and plasma or total blood volume, but not red cell volume, were independent determinants of VO2 max and peak exercise stroke volume. Plasma and total blood volumes correlated with the stroke volume and end-diastolic volume changes from rest to peak exercise. This suggests that expanded intravascular volumes, particularly plasma and total blood volumes, contribute to the higher peak exercise left ventricular end-diastolic volume, stroke volume, and cardiac output and hence the higher VO2 max in master athletes by eliciting both chronic volume overload and increased utilization of the Frank-Starling effect during exercise.

plasma volume; red cell volume; total blood volume; body composition; stroke volume; cardiac output


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