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Department of Life Sciences (Sports Sciences), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153, Japan
Architectural
properties of the triceps surae muscles were determined in vivo for six
men. The ankle was positioned at 15° dorsiflexion (
15°)
and 0, 15, and 30° plantar flexion, with the knee set at 0, 45, and
90°. At each position, longitudinal ultrasonic images of the medial
(MG) and lateral (LG) gastrocnemius and soleus (Sol) muscles were
obtained while the subject was relaxed (passive) and performed maximal
isometric plantar flexion (active), from which fascicle lengths and
angles with respect to the aponeuroses were determined. In the passive
condition, fascicle lengths changed from 59, 65, and 43 mm (knee,
0°; ankle, 15°) to 32, 41, and 30 mm (knee, 90°
ankle, 30°) for MG, LG, and Sol, respectively. Fascicle shortening
by contraction was more pronounced at longer fascicle lengths. MG had
greatest fascicle angles, ranging from 22 to 67°, and was in a very
disadvantageous condition when the knee was flexed at 90°,
irrespective of ankle positions. Different lengths and angles of
fascicles, and their changes by contraction, might be related to
differences in force-producing capabilities of the muscles and elastic
characteristics of tendons and aponeuroses.
pennate muscle; gastrocnemius and soleus muscles; length-force relationship; ultrasonography
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