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Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Physiology, Brussels School of Medicine, and Chest Service, Erasme University Hospital, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; and Department of Aerospace Engineering and Mechanics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
We have previously demonstrated in dogs that the change in
airway opening pressure (
Pao) produced by isolated maximum
activation of the parasternal intercostal or triangularis sterni muscle
in a single interspace, the sternomastoids, and the scalenes is
proportional to the product of muscle mass and the fractional change in
muscle length per unit volume increase of the relaxed chest wall. In the present study, we have assessed the interactions between these muscles by comparing the
Pao obtained during simultaneous activation of a pair of muscles (measured
Pao) to the sum of the
Pao values obtained during their separate activation (predicted
Pao). Measured and predicted
Pao values were compared for the following pairs of
muscles: the parasternal intercostals in two interspaces, the parasternal intercostals in one interspace and either the
sternomastoids or the scalenes, two segments of the triangularis
sterni, and the interosseous intercostals in two contiguous
interspaces. For all these pairs, the measured
Pao was within
~10% of the predicted value. We therefore conclude that
1) the pressure changes generated by
the rib cage muscles are essentially additive; and
2) measurements of the mass of a
particular muscle and of its fractional change in length during passive
inflation can be used to estimate the potential pressure-generating
ability of the muscle during coordinated activity as well as during
isolated activation.
mechanics of breathing; respiratory muscles; intercostal muscles
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