Journal of Applied Physiology AJP: Cell Physiology
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J Appl Physiol 84: 2163-2170, 1998;
8750-7587/98 $5.00
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Vol. 84, Issue 6, 2163-2170, June 1998

MODELING IN PHYSIOLOGY
Predictors of age-associated decline in maximal aerobic capacity: a comparison of four statistical models

Mitchell J. Rosen1, John D. Sorkin1,2, Andrew P. Goldberg1, James M. Hagberg1,3, and Leslie I. Katzel1

1 Division of Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Geriatrics Service, Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore 21201; 2 Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, Metabolism Section, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore 21224; and 3 Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742

Studies assessing changes in maximal aerobic capacity (VO2 max) associated with aging have traditionally employed the ratio of VO2 max to body weight. Log-linear, ordinary least-squares, and weighted least-squares models may avoid some of the inherent weaknesses associated with the use of ratios. In this study we used four different methods to examine the age-associated decline in VO2 max in a cross-sectional sample of 276 healthy men, aged 45-80 yr. Sixty-one of the men were aerobically trained athletes, and the remainder were sedentary. The model that accounted for the largest proportion of variance was a weighted least-squares model that included age, fat-free mass, and an indicator variable denoting exercise training status. The model accounted for 66% of the variance in VO2 max and satisfied all the important general linear model assumptions. The other approaches failed to satisfy one or more of these assumptions. The results indicated that VO2 max declines at the same rate in athletic and sedentary men (0.24 l/min or 9%/decade) and that 35% of this decline (0.08 l · min-1 · decade-1) is due to the age-associated loss of fat-free mass.

exercise; heteroscedasticity; weighted least squares; log-linear model; ratio


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