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1 Human Studies Division,
We measured detailed regional deposition
patterns of inhaled particles in healthy adult male
(n = 11; 25 ± 4 yr of age) and female (n = 11; 25 ± 3 yr of age)
subjects by means of a serial bolus aerosol delivery technique for
monodisperse fine [particle diameter
(Dp) = 1 µm] and coarse aerosols
(Dp = 3 and 5 µm). The bolus aerosol (40 ml half-width) was delivered to a specific
volumetric depth (Vp) of the lung ranging from 100 to 500 ml with a
50-ml increment, and local deposition fraction (LDF) was assessed for each of the 10 local volumetric regions. In all subjects, the deposition distribution pattern was very uneven with respect to Vp,
showing characteristic unimodal curves with respect to particle size
and flow rate. However, the unevenness was more pronounced in women.
LDF tended to be greater in all regions of the lung in women than in
men for Dp = 1 µm. For Dp = 3 and 5 µm, LDF showed a marked enhancement in the shallow region of Vp 
200 ml in women compared with men
(P < 0.05). LDF in women was
comparable to or smaller than those of men in deep lung regions of Vp > 200 ml. Total lung deposition was comparable between men and women
for fine particles but was consistently greater in women than men for
coarse particles regardless of flow rates used: the difference ranged
from 9 to 31% and was greater with higher flow rates
(P < 0.05). The results indicate
that 1) particle
deposition characteristics differ between healthy men and women under
controlled breathing conditions and
2) deposition in women is greater
than that in men.
aerosol deposition; bolus aerosol; lung dosimetry; gender effect
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