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1 Medical Department, Xitron Technologies, San Diego, California 92121; 2 Ambulatory Pharmacy Administration, Henry Ford Health System, Bingham Farms, Michigan 48025; 3 Department of Physiology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," 1-00173 Rome, Italy; and 4 Division of Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge University Hospital, S-14186 Huddinge, Sweden
Knowledge of patient fluid distribution would be useful clinically. Both single-frequency (SF) and impedance modeling approaches are proposed. The high intercorrelation between body water compartments makes determining the best approach difficult. This study was conducted to evaluate the merits of an SF approach. Mathematical simulation was performed to determine the effect of tissue change on resistance and reactance. Dilution results were reanalyzed, and resistance and parallel reactance were used to predict the intracellular water for two groups. Results indicated that the amount of intracellular and extracellular water conduction at any SF can vary with tissue change, and reactance at any SF is affected by all tissue parameters. Modeling provided a good prediction of dilution intracellular and extracellular water, but an SF method did not. Intracellular, extracellular, and total body water were equally predicted at all frequencies by SF resistance and parallel reactance. Extracellular and intracellular water are best measured through modeling, because only at the zero and infinite frequencies are the results sensitive only to extracellular and intracellular water. At all other frequencies there are other effects.
bioimpedance spectroscopy; body cell mass; extracellular water; intracellular water; total body water
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