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Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
The aims of this
study were to confirm our previous finding that hormone-replacement
therapy (HRT) augments exercise-induced increases in bone mineral
density (BMD) in older women and to determine whether HRT preserves the
adaptations when exercise is reduced or discontinued. The study
included an 11-mo treatment phase and a 6-mo follow-up phase.
Participants, aged 66 ± 3 yr, were assigned to control (Con;
n = 10), exercise (Ex;
n = 18), HRT
(n = 10), and Ex+HRT
(n = 16) groups. HRT was continued
during the follow-up. After the treatment phase, changes in total body BMD were 
0.5 ± 1.7, 1.5 ± 1.4, 1.2 ± 0.8, and 2.7 ± 1.2% in Con, Ex, HRT, and Ex+HRT, respectively. Ex+HRT was more
effective than HRT in increasing BMD of the total body and tended
(P = 0.08) to be more effective at the
lumbar spine. Ex+HRT was more effective than Ex in increasing BMD of
the total body, lumbar spine, and trochanter. Exercise-induced gains in
BMD were preserved during the follow-up only in those individuals on
HRT. HRT also attenuated fat accumulation, particularly in the
abdominal region, after the exercise program. These findings suggest
that HRT is an important adjunct to exercise for the prevention not
only of osteoporosis but also of diseases related to abdominal obesity.
bone density; estrogen; exercise; body composition; osteoporosis; obesity; hormone-replacement therapy
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