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Vol. 84, Issue 4, 1305-1310, April 1998
Division of Gerontology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and School of Nursing, University of Maryland, and Geriatrics Research, Education, and Clincial Center, Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
This study
examines the effects of weight loss by caloric restriction (WL) and
aerobic exercise plus weight loss (AEx+WL) on total and regional bone
mineral density (BMD) in older women. Healthy,
postmenopausal women [age 63 ± 1 (SE) yr] not on
hormone-replacement therapy underwent 6 mo of WL
(n = 15) consisting of dietary
counseling one time per week with a caloric deficit (250-350
kcal/day) or AEx+WL (n = 15)
consisting of treadmill exercise three times per week in addition to
the weight loss. Maximal aerobic capacity increased only in the AEx+WL
group (P < 0.001). Body weight,
percent fat, and fat mass decreased similarly in both groups
(P < 0.005), with no changes
in fat-free mass. Total body BMD (by dual-energy X-ray
absorptiometry) decreased in both groups
(P < 0.05). Femoral neck, Ward's
triangle, and greater trochanter BMD decreased in the WL group
(P 
0.05) but were not significantly
different after AEx+WL.
L2-L4
BMD did not significantly change in either group. Thus WL and
AEx+WL both result in losses of total
body BMD; however, AEx+WL appears to prevent the loss in regional BMD
seen with WL alone in healthy, older women. This suggests that the
addition of exercise to weight-loss programs may reduce the risk for
bone loss.
diet; physical activity; osteoporosis; aging
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