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J Appl Physiol 84: 1088-1095, 1998;
8750-7587/98 $5.00
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Vol. 84, Issue 3, 1088-1095, March 1998

MODELING IN PHYSIOLOGY
Role of metabolic gases in bubble formation during hypobaric exposures

Philip P. Foster1, Johnny Conkin1, Michael R. Powell2, James M. Waligora2, and Raj S. Chhikara3

1 Universities Space Research Association, Division of Space Life Sciences, 2 Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Life Sciences Research Laboratories, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center, and 3 Division of Computing and Mathematics, University of Houston---Clear Lake, Houston, Texas, 77058

Our hypothesis is that metabolic gases play a role in the initial explosive growth phase of bubble formation during hypobaric exposures. Models that account for optimal internal tensions of dissolved gases to predict the probability of occurrence of venous gas emboli were statistically fitted to 426 hypobaric exposures from National Aeronautics and Space Administration tests. The presence of venous gas emboli in the pulmonary artery was detected with an ultrasound Doppler detector. The model fit and parameter estimation were done by using the statistical method of maximum likelihood. The analysis results were as follows. 1) For the model without an input of noninert dissolved gas tissue tension, the log likelihood (in absolute value) was 255.01. 2) When an additional parameter was added to the model to account for the dissolved noninert gas tissue tension, the log likelihood was 251.70. The significance of the additional parameter was established based on the likelihood ratio test (P < 0.012). 3) The parameter estimate for the dissolved noninert gas tissue tension participating in bubble formation was 19.1 kPa (143 mmHg). 4) The additional gas tissue tension, supposedly due to noninert gases, did not show an exponential decay as a function of time during denitrogenation, but it remained constant. 5) The positive sign for this parameter term in the model is characteristic of an outward radial pressure of gases in the bubble. This analysis suggests that dissolved gases other than N2 in tissues may facilitate the initial explosive bubble-growth phase.

bubble growth; Doppler ultrasound; inert and noninert dissolved gases; tissue ratio; logistic model; log likelihood; gas kinetics


JAP 84(3):1088-1095
0161-7567/98 $5.00 Copyright © 1998 the American Physiological Society



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O. Hyldegaard and J. Madsen
Effect of hypobaric air, oxygen, heliox (50:50), or heliox (80:20) breathing on air bubbles in adipose tissue
J Appl Physiol, September 1, 2007; 103(3): 757 - 762.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]




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