Lang, Sally A., and Michael B. Maron. Effect of neuropeptide Y on hemodynamics of the rabbit lung. J. Appl. Physiol. 84(2): 618-623, 1998.We evaluated the effect of neuropeptide Y (NPY) on the hemodynamics of the isolated rabbit lung perfused at constant flow and outflow pressure. Doses of 10⁸ and 10 ⁷ M NPY increased pulmonary arterial pressure (Ppa) from 11.5 ± 1.0 (SE) mmHg to, respectively, 16.4 ± 1.5 and 26.0 ± 3.8 mmHg (P < 0.05, n = 5 mmHg lungs), with 78 ± 4% of the increase at 10⁷ M resulting from an increased arterial resistance. At the latter dose, pulmonary capillary pressure increased from 5.8 ± 0.9 to 9.4 ± 1.0 mmHg (P < 0.05). When administered in the presence of norepinephrine, 10⁸ and 10⁷ M NPY (n = 6) produced extreme increases in Ppa to 66.1 ± 20.5 and 114.7 ± 25.5 mmHg, respectively, that were due primarily to an increased arterial resistance. To determine the significance of circulating NPY as a pulmonary vasoactive agent, we measured plasma NPY-like immunoreactivity in anesthetized rabbits after massively activating the sympathetic nervous system with veratrine. NPY-like immunoreactivity increased from 74 ± 10 to 111 ± 10 (SE) pM (P < 0.05). Thus, although NPY is a potent vasoconstrictor in the rabbit lung, it is not likely that plasma NPY concentrations rise sufficiently, even after massive sympathetic nervous system activation, to produce pulmonary vasoconstriction in the intact rabbit.