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Vol. 84, Issue 2, 576-583, February 1998
1 Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine and 2 Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, FIN-70211, Kuopio, Finland; and 3 Laboratoire de Physiologie de l'Environnement, Faculté de Medecine Grange Blanche, Université Claude Bernard and Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital E. Herriot, 69373 Lyon Cedex 08, France
Laitinen, Tomi, Juha Hartikainen, Esko Vanninen, Leo
Niskanen, Ghislaine Geelen, and Esko Länsimies. Age and
gender dependency of baroreflex sensitivity in healthy subjects.
J. Appl. Physiol. 84(2): 576-583, 1998.
We evaluated the correlates of baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) in
healthy subjects. The study consisted of 117 healthy, normal-weight,
nonsmoking male and female subjects aged 23-77 yr. Baroreflex
control of heart rate was measured by using the phenylephrine
bolus-injection technique. Frequency- and time-domain analysis of heart
rate variability and an exercise test were performed. Plasma
norepinephrine, epinephrine, insulin, and arginine vasopressin
concentrations and plasma renin activity were measured. In the
univariate analysis, BRS correlated with age
(r = 
0.65,
P < 0.001), diastolic blood pressure
(r = 0.47, P < 0.001), exercise capacity
(r = 0.60, P < 0.001), and the high-frequency component of heart rate variability (r = 0.64, P < 0.001). There was also a
significant correlation between BRS and plasma norepinephrine concentration (r = 0.22,
P < 0.05) and plasma renin activity (r = 0.32, P < 0.001). According to the
multivariate analysis, age and gender were the most important
physiological correlates of BRS. They accounted for 52% of
interindividual BRS variation. In addition, diastolic blood pressure
and high-frequency component of heart rate variability were significant
independent correlates of BRS. BRS was significantly higher in men than
in women (15.0 ± 1.2 vs. 10.2 ± 1.1 ms/mmHg, respectively;
P < 0.01). Twenty-four percent of
women >40 yr old and 18% of men >60 yr old had markedly depressed
BRS (<3 ms/mmHg). We conclude that physiological factors, particularly age and gender, have significant impact on BRS in healthy
subjects. In addition, we demonstrate that BRS values that have been
proposed to be useful in identifying postinfarction patients at high
risk of sudden death are frequently found in healthy subjects.
autonomic nervous function; baroreceptor reflex; blood pressure; heart rate variability
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