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Vol. 84, Issue 2, 450-453, February 1998
Autonomic and Cardiovascular Control Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
Ray, Chester A., and Keith M. Hume. Neck afferents and
muscle sympathetic activity in humans: implications for the vestibulosympathetic reflex. J. Appl.
Physiol. 84(2): 450-453, 1998.
We have shown
previously that head-down neck flexion (HDNF) in humans elicits
increases in muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA). The purpose of
this study was to determine the effect of neck muscle afferents on
MSNA. We studied this question by measuring MSNA before and after head
rotation that would activate neck muscle afferents but not the
vestibular system (i.e., no stimulation of the otolith organs or
semicircular canals). After a 3-min baseline period with the head in
the normal erect position, subjects rotated their head to the side
(~90°) and maintained this position for 3 min. Head rotation was
performed by the subjects in both the prone
(n = 5) and sitting
(n = 6) positions. Head rotation did not elicit changes in MSNA. Average MSNA, expressed as
burst frequency and total activity, was 13 ± 1 and 13 ± 1 bursts/min and 146 ± 34 and 132 ± 27 units/min during baseline
and head rotation, respectively. There were no significant changes in
calf blood flow (2.6 ± 0.3 to 2.5 ± 0.3 ml · 100 ml
1 · min1;
n = 8) and calf vascular resistance
(39 ± 4 to 41 ± 4 units; n = 8). Heart rate (64 ± 3 to 66 ± 3 beats/min;
P = 0.058) and mean arterial pressure
(90 ± 3 to 93 ± 3; P < 0.05)
increased slightly during head rotation. Additional neck flexion
studies were performed with subjects lying on their side
(n = 5). MSNA, heart rate, and mean
arterial pressure were unchanged during this maneuver, which also does
not engage the vestibular system. HDNF was tested in 9 of the 13 subjects. MSNA was significantly increased by 79 ± 12% (P < 0.001) during HDNF. These
findings indicate that neck afferents activated by horizontal neck
rotation or flexion in the absence of significant force development do
not elicit changes in MSNA. These findings support the concept that
HDNF increases MSNA by the activation of the vestibular system.
autonomic nervous system; cardiovascular control; graviceptors; orthostasis; sympathetic nerve activity; neck reflexes; vascular resistance
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