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Vol. 84, Issue 1, 69-76, January 1998
1 Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1381; and 2 Departments of Anesthesiology, Physiology, and Biophysics, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
Swallow, John G., Theodore Garland, Jr., Patrick A. Carter,
Wen-Zhi Zhan, and Gary C. Sieck. Effects of voluntary activity and
genetic selection on aerobic capacity in house mice
(Mus domesticus). J. Appl. Physiol. 84(1): 69-76, 1998.
An animal model was developed to study effects on components of
exercise physiology of both "nature" (10 generations of genetic
selection for high voluntary activity on running wheels) and
"nurture" (7-8 wk of access or no access to running wheels,
beginning at weaning). At the end of the experiment, mice from both
wheel-access groups were significantly lighter in body mass than mice
from sedentary groups. Within the wheel-access group, a statistically
significant, negative relationship existed between activity and final
body mass. In measurements of maximum oxygen consumption during forced
treadmill exercise (
O2 max), mice with
wheel access were significantly more cooperative than sedentary mice;
however, trial quality was not a significant predictor of individual
variation in O2 max.
Nested two-way analysis of covariance demonstrated that both genetic
selection history and access to wheels had significant positive effects on O2 max.
A 12% difference in
O2 max existed
between wheel-access selected mice, which had the highest
mass-corrected
O2 max, and
sedentary control mice, which had the lowest. The respiratory exchange
ratio at O2 max was
also significantly lower in the wheel-access group. Our results suggest
the existence of a possible genetic correlation between voluntary
activity levels (behavior) and aerobic capacity (physiology).
maximum oxygen consumption; wheel running; artificial selection; quantitative genetics; heritability
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