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Vol. 84, Issue 1, 372-377, January 1998
Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
Kohrt, Wendy M. Preliminary evidence that DEXA provides
an accurate assessment of body composition. J. Appl.
Physiol. 84(1): 372-377, 1998.
It was previously
found that dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) underestimated
central body fat. The purposes of this study were to determine whether
an updated version (enhanced version 5.64) of the analysis program
corrected this problem (experiment
1) and to compare body composition assessed by DEXA
and hydrodensitometry (HD) in women (n = 225) and men (n = 110)
across a 21- to 81-yr age range (experiment
2). For experiment
1, 10 subjects underwent DEXA procedures in a control condition and with packets of lard positioned over either the thighs or
the truncal region. DEXA accurately quantified the additional mass as
~96% fat, regardless of position. For experiment
2, DEXA yielded higher
(P < 0.001) estimates of fatness
than did HD (32.1 ± 12.0 vs. 31.2 ± 10.1%). The mean
difference between the two methods was similar in young, middle-aged,
and older subjects, but was different in men (HD 
DEXA, 1.6 ± 3.4% of body wt) than in women (2.1 ± 3.8%
of body wt). Correcting the density of fat-free mass for variance in
the bone mineral fraction of fat-free mass reduced the difference
between the methods in men from 1.6 ± 3.4 to 0.7 ± 2.9% but widened it in women from 2.1 ± 3.8 to 3.5 ± 3.4%. A second correction procedure that
adjusted for variance in water, protein, and mineral fractions of
fat-free mass eliminated the differences in estimates of fat content by
DEXA and HD in both men (21.1 ± 9.3 vs. 20.6 ± 8.4%,
respectively) and women (37.5 ± 9.3 vs. 36.8 ± 8.0%,
respectively). These results provide encouraging, but not definitive,
evidence that the assessment of body composition by DEXA is accurate
under the specified conditions.
hydrodensitometry; body fat content; fat-free mass
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