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Vol. 84, Issue 1, 37-46, January 1998
Department of Biological Sciences and College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701-2979
Loucks, A. B., M. Verdun, and E. M. Heath. Low energy
availability, not stress of exercise, alters LH pulsatility in exercising women. J. Appl. Physiol.
84(1): 37-46, 1998.
We tested two hypotheses about the disruption
of luteinizing hormone (LH) pulsatility in exercising women by assaying
LH in blood samples drawn at 10-min intervals over 24 h from nine
young, habitually sedentary, regularly menstruating women on
days 8,
9, or
10 of two menstrual cycles after 4 days of intense exercise [E = 30 kcal · kg lean
body mass
(LBM)
1 · day1
at 70% of aerobic capacity]. To test the hypothesis that LH
pulsatility is disrupted by low energy availability, we controlled the
subjects' dietary energy intakes (I) to set their
energy availabilities (A = I 
E) at 45 and 10 kcal · kg
LBM1 · day1
during the two trials. To test the hypothesis that LH pulsatility is
disrupted by the stress of exercise, we compared the resulting LH
pulsatilities to those previously reported in women with similar controlled energy availability who had not exercised. In the exercising women, low energy availability reduced LH pulse frequency by 10% (P < 0.01) during the
waking hours and increased LH pulse amplitude by 36%
(P = 0.05) during waking and sleeping
hours, but this reduction in LH pulse frequency was blunted by 60%
(P = 0.03) compared with that in the
previously studied nonexercising women whose low energy availability
was caused by dietary restriction. The stress of exercise neither
reduced LH pulse frequency nor increased LH pulse amplitude (all
P > 0.4). During exercise, the
proportion of energy derived from carbohydrate oxidation was reduced
from 73% while A = 45 kcal · kg
LBM1 · day1
to 49% while A = 10 kcal · kg
LBM1 ·day1
(P < 0.0001). These results
contradict the hypothesis that LH pulsatility is disrupted by exercise
stress and suggest that LH pulsatility in women depends on energy
availability.
athletic amenorrhea; nutrition; reproduction; metabolic hormones; luteinizing hormone
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