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Vol. 83, Issue 6, 2073-2079, December 1997
Department of Exercise Science, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-6554
Received 23 August 1996; accepted in final form 21 July 1997.
Sloniger, Mark A., Kirk J. Cureton, Barry M. Prior, and
Ellen M. Evans. Lower extremity muscle activation
during horizontal and uphill running. J. Appl.
Physiol. 83(6): 2073-2079, 1997.
To provide more comprehensive information on the
extent and pattern of muscle activation during running, we determined
lower extremity muscle activation by using exercise-induced contrast
shifts in magnetic resonance (MR) images during horizontal and uphill
high-intensity (115% of peak oxygen uptake) running to exhaustion
(2.0-3.9 min) in 12 young women. The mean percentage of muscle
volume activated in the right lower extremity was significantly
(P <0.05) greater during uphill (73 ± 7%) than during horizontal (67 ± 8%) running. The
percentage of 13 individual muscles or groups activated varied from 41 to 90% during horizontal running and from 44 to 83% during uphill
running. During horizontal running, the muscles or groups most
activated were the adductors (90 ± 5%), semitendinosus (86 ± 13%), gracilis (76 ± 20%), biceps femoris (76 ± 12%), and
semimembranosus (75 ± 12%). During uphill running, the muscles
most activated were the adductors (83 ± 8%), biceps femoris (79 ± 7%), gluteal group (79 ± 11%), gastrocnemius (76 ± 15%), and vastus group (75 ± 13%). Compared with horizontal
running, uphill running required considerably greater activation of the
vastus group (23%) and soleus (14%) and less activation of the rectus
femoris (29%), gracilis (18%), and semitendinosus (17%). We conclude
that during high-intensity horizontal and uphill running to exhaustion,
lasting 2-3 min, muscles of the lower extremity are not maximally
activated, suggesting there is a limit to the extent to which
additional muscle mass recruitment can be utilized to meet the demand
for force and energy. Greater total muscle activation during exhaustive uphill than during horizontal running is achieved through an altered pattern of muscle activation that involves increased use of some muscles and less use of others.
exercise; magnetic resonance imaging; skeletal muscle function
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