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Vol. 83, Issue 6, 1923-1932, December 1997
The John Rankin Laboratory of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin 53705-2368
Received 3 January 1997; accepted in final form 29 July 1997.
Smith, C. A., K. S. Henderson, L. Xi, C.-M. Chow, P. R. Eastwood, and J. A. Dempsey. Neural-mechanical coupling of breathing in REM sleep. J. Appl.
Physiol. 83(6): 1923-1932, 1997.
During rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep the
ventilatory response to airway occlusion is reduced. Possible
mechanisms are reduced chemosensitivity, mechanical impairment of the
chest wall secondary to the atonia of REM sleep, or phasic REM events
that interrupt or fractionate ongoing diaphragm electromyogram (EMG)
activity. To differentiate between these possibilities, we studied
three chronically instrumented dogs before, during, and after
15-20 s of airway occlusion during non-REM (NREM) and phasic REM
sleep. We found that 1) for a given inspiratory time the integrated diaphragm EMG
(
Di) was similar or reduced in REM sleep relative
to NREM sleep; 2) for a given
Di in response to airway occlusion and the
hyperpnea following occlusion, the mechanical output (flow or pressure)
was similar or reduced during REM sleep relative to NREM sleep;
3) for comparable durations of
airway occlusion the Di and integrated
inspiratory tracheal pressure tended to be smaller and more variable in
REM than in NREM sleep, and 4)
significant fractionations (caused visible changes in tracheal
pressure) of the diaphragm EMG during airway occlusion in
REM sleep occurred in ~40% of breathing efforts. Thus reduced
and/or erratic mechanical output during and after airway
occlusion in REM sleep in terms of flow rate, tidal volume, and/or pressure generation is attributable largely to reduced neural activity of the diaphragm, which in turn is likely attributable to REM effects, causing reduced chemosensitivity at the level of the
peripheral chemoreceptors or, more likely, at the central integrator.
Chest wall distortion secondary to the atonia of REM sleep may
contribute to the reduced mechanical output following airway occlusion
when ventilatory drive is highest.
dogs; rapid-eye-movement sleep; non-rapid-eye-movement sleep; obstructive apnea; sleep-disordered breathing
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