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J Appl Physiol 83: 1799-1813, 1997;
8750-7587/97 $5.00
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Vol. 83, Issue 6, 1799-1813, December 1997

Coupled vs. uncoupled pericardial constraint: effects on cardiac chamber interactions

Masao Takata, Yasuhiko Harasawa, Sadek Beloucif, and James L. Robotham

Pathophysiology Research, National Children's Medical Research Center, Tokyo 154; Division of Cardiology, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka 812-82, Japan; and Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21205

Received 4 June 1997; accepted in final form 31 July 1997.

Takata, Masao, Yasuhiko Harasawa, Sadek Beloucif, and James L. Robotham. Coupled vs. uncoupled pericardial constraint: effects on cardiac chamber interactions. J. Appl. Physiol. 83(6): 1799-1813, 1997.---The effects of pericardial constraint on cardiac chamber interactions were evaluated by mathematical model analyses based on a novel concept of coupled vs. uncoupled pericardial constraint. We hypothesized that the nature of pericardial constraint can be classified as a "coupled" constraint exerted by uniform liquid pressure or an "uncoupled" constraint exerted by regional surface pressure. The numerical solution of the model of atrioventricular interaction produced the characteristic waveforms in venous flows and right atrial/ventricular pressures in classical pericardial diseases. Coupled constraint accounted for the patterns in cardiac tamponade; uncoupled constraint accounted for those in constrictive pericarditis. Analytic solution of the model of ventricular interdependence demonstrated that coupled constraint (tamponade) produced greater gains in ventricular interdependence, increasing the occurrence of pulsus paradoxus, whereas uncoupled constraint (constriction) produced a greater effective right ventricular elastance, increasing the likelihood of Kussmaul's sign. Thus the concept of coupled vs. uncoupled constraint may offer a coherent framework to understand the characteristic steady-state and respiratory-induced hemodynamic events in multiple forms of pericardial diseases.

atrioventricular interaction; constrictive pericarditis; model; tamponade; venous return; ventricular interdependence

0161-7567/97 $5.00 Copyright © 1997 the American Physiological Society




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