Journal of Applied Physiology
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J Appl Physiol 83: 1635-1640, 1997;
8750-7587/97 $5.00
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Vol. 83, Issue 5, 1635-1640, 1997

Efficacy of forced-air and inhalation rewarming by using a human model for severe hypothermia

M. S. L. Goheen1, M. B. Ducharme2, G. P. Kenny1, C. E. Johnston1, John Frim2, Gerald K. Bristow1, and Gordon G. Giesbrecht1

1 Laboratory for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Health, Leisure, and Human Performance Research Institute, and Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Manitoba R3T 2N2; and 2 Defense and Civil Institute of Environmental Medicine, North York, Ontario, Canada, M3M 3B9

Received 29 October 1996; accepted in final form 26 June 1997.

Goheen, M. S. L., M. B. Ducharme, G. P. Kenny, C. E. Johnston, John Frim, Gerald K. Bristow, and Gordon G. Giesbrecht. Efficacy of forced-air and inhalation rewarming by using a human model for severe hypothermia. J. Appl. Physiol. 83(5): 1635-1640, 1997.---We recently developed a nonshivering human model for severe hypothermia by using meperidine to inhibit shivering in mildly hypothermic subjects. This thermal model was used to evaluate warming techniques. On three occasions, eight subjects were immersed for ~25 min in 9°C water. Meperidine (1.5 mg/kg) was injected before the subjects exited the water. Subjects were then removed, insulated, and rewarmed in an ambient temperature of -20°C with either 1) spontaneous rewarming (control), 2) inhalation rewarming with saturated air at ~43°C, or 3) forced-air warming. Additional meperidine (to a maximum cumulative dose of 2.5 mg/kg) was given to maintain shivering inhibition. The core temperature afterdrop was 30-40% less during forced-air warming (0.9°C) than during control (1.4°C) and inhalation rewarming (1.2°C) (P < 0.05). Rewarming rate was 6- to 10-fold greater during forced-air warming (2.40°C/h) than during control (0.41°C/h) and inhalation rewarming (0.23°C/h) (P < 0.05). In nonshivering hypothermic subjects, forced-air warming provided a rewarming advantage, but inhalation rewarming did not.

afterdrop; cold stress; heat production; shivering thermogenesis; treatment

0161-7567/97 $5.00 Copyright © 1997 the American Physiological Society




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