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Vol. 83, Issue 5, 1630-1634, 1997
1 Laboratory for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, at the Health, Leisure, and Human Performance Research Institute, and Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Manitoba R3T 2N2; and 2 Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 2Y2
Received 1 October 1996; accepted in final form 7 July 1997.
Giesbrecht, Gordon G., M. S. L. Goheen, C. E. Johnston, G. P. Kenny, Gerald K. Bristow, and John S. Hayward. Inhibition of
shivering increases core temperature afterdrop and attenuates rewarming
in hypothermic humans. J. Appl.
Physiol. 83(5): 1630-1634, 1997.
During severe
hypothermia, shivering is absent. To simulate severe hypothermia,
shivering in eight mildly hypothermic subjects was inhibited with
meperidine (1.5 mg/kg). Subjects were cooled twice (meperidine and
control trials) in 8°C water to a core temperature of 35.9 ± 0.5 (SD) °C, dried, and then placed in sleeping bags. Meperidine
caused a 3.2-fold increase in core temperature afterdrop (1.1 ± 0.6 vs. 0.4 ± 0.2°C), a 4.3-fold increase in afterdrop duration
(89.4 ± 31.4 vs. 20.9 ± 5.7 min), and a 37% decrease in
rewarming rate (1.2 ± 0.5 vs. 1.9 ± 0.9°C/h).
Meperidine inhibited overt shivering. Oxygen consumption, minute
ventilation, and heart rate decreased after meperidine injection but
subsequently returned toward preinjection values after 45 min
postimmersion. This was likely due to the increased thermoregulatory
drive with the greater afterdrop and the short half-life of
meperidine. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of shivering
heat production in attenuating the postcooling afterdrop of core
temperature and potentiating core rewarming. The meperidine protocol
may be valuable for comparing the efficacy of various hypothermia
rewarming methods in the absence of shivering.
first aid; rate of rewarming; shivering thermogenesis; hypothermia treatment
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