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Pulmonary Biophysics and Bioengineering Research Laboratory, Departments of Medicine and Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago 60680; and Veterans Affairs Chicago Health Care System, West Side, Chicago, Illinois 60612
Received 7 March 1996; accepted in final form 11 June 1997.
Winters, Scot L., and Donovan B. Yeates. Roles of
hydration, sodium, and chloride in regulation of canine mucociliary transport system. J. Appl. Physiol.
83(4): 1360-1369, 1997.
To gain insight into the homeostatic
mechanisms regulating airway ion/water fluxes and mucociliary
transport, the canine tracheobronchial airway fluid was perturbed by
deposition of hypo- and hyperosmotic aerosols for >1 h. Tracheal
ciliary beat frequency (CBF) was measured by using heterodyne laser
light scattering. Tracheal mucus velocity (TMV) and bronchial
mucociliary clearance (BMC) were measured by using radioaerosols and
nuclear imaging. Respiratory tract fluid output (RTFO) was collected by
using a secretion-collecting endotracheal tube. In six dogs, CBF
increased during water deposition in the airways to 180 ± 30 mg/min
and RTFO increased from 2.2 ± 0.5 to 18.3 ± 1.6 mg/min,
accounting for <10% of the fluid deposition. TMV and BMC were
unchanged. CBF, TMV, and BMC were markedly increased by inhalation of
aerosolized 3.4 M NaCl. Aerosolized 0.85 M NaCl, in contrast, decreased
BMC. In this case, RTFO represented 24% of aerosol deposition.
Aerosolized 0.85 M choline chloride and 0.85 M sodium gluconate
enhanced BMC and TMV concurrent with a decrease in CBF. RTFO of sodium
gluconate studies exceeded 50% of aerosol deposition. Thus the airways
appear to have transepithelial compensatory mechanisms that reduce the
impact of a moderate increases in NaCl and hydration load, but when
these responses cannot adequately respond because of the delivery of
impermeable ions or very high tonicity, removal of the challenges are
affected by a stimulation of mucociliary transport.
fluid transport; ciliary epithelium; water balance; hyperosmolarity; hypoosmolarity
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