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J Appl Physiol 83: 1300-1306, 1997;
8750-7587/97 $5.00
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Journal of Applied Physiology
Vol. 83, No. 4, pp. 1300-1306, October 1997
EXERCISE AND MUSCLE

Effects of endurance training on the cardiovascular system and water compartments in elderly subjects

Gisèle P. Pickering1, Nicole Fellmann2, Béatrice Morio2, Patrick Ritz2, Aimé Amonchot1, Michel Vermorel2, and Jean Coudert1

1 Laboratoire de Physiologie-Biologie du Sport, Faculté de Médecine, and 2 Laboratoire de Nutrition Humaine, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine, Auvergne, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France

Received 12 February 1997; accepted in final form 12 June 1997.

Pickering, Gisèle P., Nicole Fellmann, Béatrice Morio, Patrick Ritz, Aimé Amonchot, Michel Vermorel, and Jean Coudert. Effects of endurance training on the cardiovascular system and water compartments in elderly subjects. J. Appl. Physiol. 83(4): 1300-1306, 1997.---The effects of endurance training on the water compartments and the cardiovascular system were determined in 10 elderly subjects [age 62 ± 2 yr, pretraining maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max)/kg = 25 ± 2 ml · min-1 · kg-1 body wt]. They trained on a cycloergometer 3 times/wk for 16 wk (50-80% VO2 max, then 80-85% VO2 max). They were checked at 8 wk, 16 wk, and 4 mo after detraining. Training improved VO2 max (+16%) and induced plasma volume expansion (+11%). No change in total body water, extracellular fluid, interstitial and intracellular fluid volumes, fat-free mass, and body weight was detected in this small sample with training. Body fat mass decreased (-2.1 ± 2.2 kg). Echocardiography at rest showed increased fractional shortening and ejection fraction and decreased left ventricular end-systolic dimension (P < 0.05). Blood volume expansion correlates with cardiac contractility and has an impact on cardiac function. These improvements are precarious, however, and are completely lost after 4 mo of detraining, when elderly subjects lose the constraints and the social stimulation of the imposed protocol.

plasma volume; ejection fraction; extra- and intracellular fluids

0161-7567/97 $5.00 Copyright © 1997 the American Physiological Society




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