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Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University Clinics, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H2X 2P2
Received 13 May 1996; accepted in final form 10 June 1997.
Kayser, Bengt, Pawel Sliwinski, Sheng Yan, Mirek Tobiasz,
and Peter T. Macklem. Respiratory effort sensation during exercise
with induced expiratory-flow limitation in healthy humans. J. Appl. Physiol. 83(3): 936-947, 1997.
Nine healthy subjects (age 31 ± 4 yr) exercised with and
without expiratory-flow limitation (maximal flow ~1 l/s). We
monitored flow, end-tidal PCO2, esophageal (Pes) and gastric pressures, changes in end-expiratory lung
volume, and perception (sensation) of difficulty in breathing. Subjects
cycled at increasing intensity (+25 W/30 s) until symptom limitation.
During the flow-limited run, exercise performance was limited in all
subjects by maximum sensation. Sensation was equally determined by
inspiratory and expiratory pressure changes. In both runs, 90% of the
variance in sensation could be explained by the Pes swings (difference
between peak inspiratory and peak expiratory Pes). End-tidal
PCO2 did not explain any variance in
sensation in the control run and added only 3% to the explained variance in the flow-limited run. We conclude that in healthy subjects,
during normal as well as expiratory flow-limited exercise, the pleural
pressure generation of the expiratory muscles is equally related to the
perception of difficulty in breathing as that of the inspiratory
muscles.
dynamic hyperinflation; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; breathlessness; exercise limitation
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