Journal of Applied Physiology Virginia Commonwealth University
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J Appl Physiol 83: 927-935, 1997;
8750-7587/97 $5.00
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Journal of Applied Physiology
Vol. 83, No. 3, pp. 927-935, September 1997
EXERCISE AND MUSCLE

Alterations in growth and body composition during puberty. I. Comparing multicompartment body composition models

James N. Roemmich1, Pamela A. Clark1, Arthur Weltman2,3, and Alan D. Rogol1,4

1 Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, 3 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, and 4 Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, and 2 Department of Human Services, Curry School of Education, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908

Received 27 February 1997; accepted in final form 13 May 1997.

Roemmich, James N., Pamela A. Clark, Arthur Weltman, and Alan D. Rogol. Alterations in growth and body composition during puberty. I. Comparing multicompartment body composition models. J. Appl. Physiol. 83(3): 927-935, 1997.---A four-compartment (4C) model of body composition was used as a criterion to determine the accuracy of three-compartment (3C) and two-compartment (2C) models to estimate percent body fat (%BF) in prepubertal and pubertal boys (genital I & II, n = 17; genital III & IV, n = 7) and girls (breast I & II, n = 8; breast III & IV, n = 15). The 3C water-density (3C-H2O) and 3C mineral-density models, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, the Lohman age-adjusted equations, the Slaughter et al. skinfold equations, and the Houtkooper et al. and Boileau bioelectrical impedance equations were evaluated. Agreement with the 4C model increased with the number of compartments (i.e., body water, bone mineral) measured. Except for the 3C-H2O model, the limits of agreement were large and did not perform well for individuals. The mean %BF by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (23.6%) was greater than that of the criterion 4C method (21.7%). For the field methods, the Slaughter et al. skinfold equations performed better than did the Houtkooper et al. and Boileau bioimpedance equations. The hydration of the fat-free mass decreased (genital I & II = 75.7%, genital III & IV = 74.8%, breast I & II = 75.5%, breast III & IV = 74.4%) and the mineral content increased (genital I & II = 4.9%, genital III & IV = 5.0%, breast I & II = 5.1%, breast III & IV = 5.7%) with maturation. The density of the fat-free mass also increased (genital I & II = 1.084 g/ml, genital III & IV = 1.087 g/ml, breast I & II = 1.086 g/ml, breast III & IV = 1.091 g/ml) with maturation. All of the models reduced the %BF overprediction of the Siri 2C model, but only the 4C and 3C-H2O models should be used as criterion methods for body composition validation in children and adolescents.

children; adolescents; body fat; hydrostatic weighing; bioelectrical impedance; skinfolds

0161-7567/97 $5.00 Copyright © 1997 the American Physiological Society




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