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Departments of Physiology and Biophysics and of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
Received 11 February 1997; accepted in final form 6 May 1997.
Shen, X., M. F. Wu, R. S. Tepper, and S. J. Gunst. Mechanisms for the mechanical response of
airway smooth muscle to length oscillation. J. Appl.
Physiol. 83(3): 731-738, 1997.
Airway smooth
muscle tone in vitro is profoundly affected by oscillations in muscle
length, suggesting that the effects of lung volume changes on airway
tone result from direct effects of stretch on the airway smooth muscle.
We analyzed the effect of length oscillation on active force and
length-force hysteresis in canine tracheal smooth muscle at different
oscillation rates and amplitudes during contraction with acetylcholine.
During the shortening phase of the length oscillation cycle, the active
force generated by the smooth muscle decreased markedly below the
isometric force but returned to isometric force as the muscle was
lengthened. Results indicate that at rates comparable to those during
tidal breathing, active shortening and yielding of contractile elements
contributes to the modulation of force during length oscillation;
however, the depression of force during shortening cannot be accounted
for by cross-bridge properties, shortening-induced cross-bridge
deactivation, or active relaxation. We conclude that the depression of
contractility may be a function of the plasticity of the cellular
organization of contractile filaments, which enables contractile
element length to be reset in relation to smooth muscle cell length as
a result of smooth muscle stretch.
tracheal smooth muscle; airway reactivity; contractile mechanisms; tidal breathing
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