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Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140
Received 6 January 1997; accepted in final form 29 April 1997.
Shaffer, Thomas H., Raymond Foust IIII, Marla R. Wolfson,
and Thomas F. Miller, Jr. Analysis of perfluorochemical
elimination from the respiratory system. J. Appl.
Physiol. 83(3): 1033-1040, 1997.
We describe a
simple apparatus for analysis of perfluorochemicals (PFC) in expired
gas and thus a means for determining PFC vapor and liquid elimination
from the respiratory system. The apparatus and data analysis are based
on thermal conduction and mass transfer principles of gases. In vitro
studies were conducted with the PFC vapor analyzer to determine
calibration curves for output voltage as a function of individual
respiratory gases, respiratory gases saturated with PFC vapor, and
volume percent standards for percent PFC saturation (%PFC-Sat) in air.
Voltage-concentration data for %PFC-Sat of the vapor from the in vitro
tests were accurate to within 2.0% from 0 to 100% PFC-Sat, linear
(r = 0.99, P < 0.001), and highly reproducible.
Calculated volume loss of PFC liquid over time correlated well with
actual loss by weight (r = 0.99, P < 0.001). In vivo studies with
neonatal lambs demonstrated that PFC volume loss and evaporation rates
decreased nonlinearly as a function of time. These relationships were
modulated by changes in PFC physical properties, minute ventilation,
and postural repositioning. The results of this study demonstrate the
sensitivity and accuracy of an on-line method for PFC analysis of
expired gas and describe how it may be useful in liquid-assisted
ventilation procedures for determining PFC volume loss, evaporation
rate, and optimum dosing and ventilation strategy.
thermal detectors; premature lambs; liquid ventilation; evaporation rate of perfluorochemicals
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