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Division of Critical Care and Respiratory Division, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 1A1
Received 13 May 1996; accepted in final form 25 March 1997.
Hussain, Sabah N. A., Qasim El-Dwairi, Mohammed N. Abdul-Hussain, and Dalia Sakkal. Expression of nitric oxide
synthase isoforms in normal ventilatory and limb muscles.
J. Appl. Physiol. 83(2): 348-353, 1997.
Nitric oxide (NO), an important messenger molecule with
widespread actions, is synthesized by NO synthases (NOS). In this
study, we investigated the correlation between fiber type and NOS
activity among ventilatory and limb muscles of various species. We also
assessed the presence of the three NOS isoforms in normal skeletal
muscles and how various NOS inhibitors influence muscle NOS activity.
NOS activity was detected in various muscles; however, NOS activity in
rabbits and rats varied significantly among different muscles.
Immunoblotting of muscle samples indicated the presence of both the
neuronal NOS and the endothelial NOS isoforms but not the
cytokine-inducible NOS isoform. However, these isoforms were expressed
to different degrees in various muscles. Although the neuronal NOS
isoform was detectable in the canine diaphragm, very weak expression
was detected in rabbit, rat, and mouse diaphragms. The endothelial NOS
isoform was detected in the rat and mouse diaphragms but not in the
canine and rabbit diaphragms. We also found that
NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester,
7-nitroindazole, and
S-methylisothiourea were
stronger inhibitors of muscle NOS activity than was aminoguanidine. These results indicate the presence of different degrees of
constitutive NOS expression in normal ventilatory and limb muscles of
various species. Our data also indicate that muscle NOS activity is not determined by fiber type distribution but by other not yet identified factors. The functional significance of this expression remains to be
assessed.
nitric oxide; skeletal muscle; ventilatory muscles; L-arginine
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