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J Appl Physiol 83: 5-10, 1997;
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Journal of Applied Physiology
Vol. 83, No. 1, pp. 5-10, July 1997
EXERCISE AND MUSCLE

Acute and chronic effects of exercise on leptin levels in humans

Louis Pérusse1, Gregory Collier2, Jacques Gagnon1, Arthur S. Leon3, D. C. Rao4, James S. Skinner5, Jack H. Wilmore6, André Nadeau7, Paul Z. Zimmet8, and Claude Bouchard1

1 Physical Activity Sciences Laboratory, Laval University, and 7 Diabetes Research Unit, Laval University Medical Center, Québec, Canada G1K 7P4; 2 School of Nutrition and Public Health, Deakin University, Geelong 3217, and 8 International Diabetes Institute, Caulfield 3162, Australia; 3 School of Kinesiology and Leisure Studies, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; 4 Division of Biostatistics and Department of Psychiatry and Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110; 5 Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 46202; and 6 Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712

Received 4 December 1996; accepted in final form 12 March 1997.

Pérusse, Louis, Gregory Collier, Jacques Gagnon, Arthur S. Leon, D. C. Rao, James S. Skinner, Jack H. Wilmore, André Nadeau, Paul Z. Zimmet, and Claude Bouchard. Acute and chronic effects of exercise on leptin levels in humans. J. Appl. Physiol. 83(1): 5-10, 1997.---The acute (single bout of exercise) and chronic (exercise training) effects of exercise on plasma leptin were investigated in 97 sedentary adult men (n = 51) and women (n = 46) participating in the HERITAGE Family Study. Exercise training consisted of a standardized 20-wk endurance training program performed in the laboratory on a computer-controlled cycle ergometer. Maximal oxygen uptake, body composition assessed by hydrostatic weighing, and fasting insulin level were also measured before and after training. Pre- and posttraining blood samples were obtained before and after completion of a maximal exercise test on the cycle ergometer. Exercise training resulted in significant changes in maximal oxygen uptake (increase in both genders) and body compostion (reduction of fat mass in men and increase in fat-free mass in women). There were considerable interindividual differences in the leptin response to acute and chronic effects of exercise, some individuals showing either increase or reduction in leptin, others showing almost no change. On average, leptin levels were not acutely affected by exercise. After endurance training was completed, leptin levels decreased significantly in men (from 4.6 to 3.9 ng/ml; P = 0.004) but not in women. However, after the training-induced changes in body fat mass were accounted for, the effects of exercise training were no longer significant. Most of the variation observed in leptin levels after acute exercise or endurance training appears to be within the confidence intervals of the leptin assay. We conclude that there are no meaningful acute or chronic effects of exercise, independent of the amount of body fat, on leptin levels in humans.

exercise training; body fat; HERITAGE Family Study

0161-7567/97 $5.00 Copyright © 1997 the American Physiological Society




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