Journal of Applied Physiology
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J Appl Physiol 83: 160-165, 1997;
8750-7587/97 $5.00
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Journal of Applied Physiology
Vol. 83, No. 1, pp. 160-165, July 1997
EXERCISE AND MUSCLE

Age-related declines in maximal aerobic capacity in regularly exercising vs. sedentary women: a meta-analysis

Margaret D. Fitzgerald1, Hirofumi Tanaka1, Zung V. Tran2, and Douglas R. Seals1,3

1 Human Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Center for Physical Activity, Disease Prevention, and Aging, Department of Kinesiology, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309; 2 Center for Research in Ambulatory Health Care Administration, Medical Group Management Association, Englewood 80112; and 3 Divisions of Cardiology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado 80262

Received 16 September 1996; accepted in final form 12 March 1997.

Fitzgerald, Margaret D., Hirofumi Tanaka, Zung V. Tran, and Douglas R. Seals. Age-related declines in maximal aerobic capacity in regularly exercising vs. sedentary women: a meta-analysis. J. Appl. Physiol. 83(1): 160-165, 1997.---Our purpose was to determine the relationship between habitual aerobic exercise status and the rate of decline in maximal aerobic capacity across the adult age range in women. A meta-analytic approach was used in which mean maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max) values from female subject groups (ages 18-89 yr) were obtained from the published literature. A total of 239 subject groups from 109 studies involving 4,884 subjects met the inclusion criteria and were arbitrarily separated into sedentary (groups = 107; subjects = 2,256), active (groups = 69; subjects = 1,717), and endurance-trained (groups = 63; subjects = 911) populations. VO2 max averaged 29.7 ± 7.8, 38.7 ± 9.2, and 52.0 ± 10.5 ml · kg-1 · min-1, respectively, and was inversely related to age within each population (r = -0.82 to -0.87, all P < 0.0001). The rate of decline in VO2 max with increasing subject group age was lowest in sedentary women (-3.5 ml · kg-1 · min-1 · decade-1), greater in active women (-4.4 ml · kg-1 · min-1 · decade-1), and greatest in endurance-trained women (-6.2 ml · kg-1 · min-1 · decade-1) (all P < 0.001 vs. each other). When expressed as percent decrease from mean levels at age ~25 yr, the rates of decline in VO2 max were similar in the three populations (-10.0 to -10.9%/decade). There was no obvious relationship between aerobic exercise status and the rate of decline in maximal heart rate with age. The results of this cross-sectional study support the hypothesis that, in contrast to the prevailing view, the rate of decline in maximal aerobic capacity with age is greater, not smaller, in endurance-trained vs. sedentary women. The greater rate of decline in VO2 max in endurance-trained populations may be related to their higher values as young adults (baseline effect) and/or to greater age-related reductions in exercise volume; however, it does not appear to be related to a greater rate of decline in maximal heart rate with age.

aging; exercise; maximal oxygen consumption

0161-7567/97 $5.00 Copyright © 1997 the American Physiological Society




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