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Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0093
Received 28 October 1996; accepted in final form 20 February 1997.
Stump, Craig S., Charles M. Tipton, and Erik J. Henriksen.
Muscle adaptations to hindlimb suspension in mature and old
Fischer 344 rats. J. Appl. Physiol.
82(6): 1875-1881, 1997.
We examined skeletal and cardiac muscle
responses of mature (8 mo) and old (23 mo) male Fischer 344 rats to 14 days of hindlimb suspension. Hexokinase (HK) and citrate synthase (CS)
activities and GLUT-4 glucose transporter protein level, which are
coregulated in many instances of altered neuromuscular activity, were
analyzed in soleus (Sol), plantaris (Pl), tibialis anterior (TA),
extensor digitorum longus (EDL), and left ventricle. Protein content
was significantly (P < 0.05) lower
in all four hindlimb muscles after suspension compared with controls in
both mature (21-44%) and old (17-43%) rats. Old rats
exhibited significantly lower CS activities than mature rats for the
Sol, Pl, and TA. HK activities were significantly lower in the old rats
for the Pl (19%) and TA (33%), and GLUT-4 levels were lower in the
old rats for the TA (38%) and EDL (24%) compared with the mature
rats. Old age was also associated with a decrease in CS activity (12%)
and an increase in HK activity (14%) in cardiac muscle. CS activities
were lower in the Sol (20%) and EDL (18%) muscles from mature
suspended rats and in the Sol (25%), Pl (27%), and EDL (25%) muscles
from old suspended rats compared with corresponding controls. However,
suspension was associated with significantly higher HK activities for
all four hindlimb muscles examined, in both old (16-57%) and
mature (10-43%) rats, and higher GLUT-4 concentrations in the TA
muscles of the old rats (68%) but not the mature rats. These results
indicate that old age is associated with decreased CS and HK activities and GLUT-4 protein concentration for several rat hindlimb muscles, and
these variables are not coregulated during suspension. Finally, old rat
skeletal muscle appears to respond to suspension to a similar or
greater degree than mature rat muscle responds.
age; soleus; plantaris; extensor digitorum longus; tibialis anterior; cardiac muscle; simulated weightlessness; weight-bearing; GLUT-4 protein; hexokinase; citrate synthase
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