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Applied Physiology Research Laboratory, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242
Received 26 July 1996; accepted in final form 6 February 1997.
Roemmich, James N., and Wayne E. Sinning. Weight loss
and wrestling training: effects on growth-related hormones.
J. Appl. Physiol. 82(6):
1760-1764, 1997.
Adolescent wrestlers
(n = 9, 15.4 yr) and recreationally
active control males (n = 7, 15.7 yr)
were measured before, at the end of, and 3.5-4 mo after a
competitive wrestling season to assess the influence of dietary restriction on growth-related hormones. Wrestlers had significant elevations preseason to late season for morning serum concentrations (mean of 8 serial samples) of growth hormone (GH; 2.9 ± 0.7 vs. 6.5 ± 1.4 ng/ml) and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG; 16.1 ± 2.3 vs. 27.9 ± 6.9 nmol/l) and significant reductions in GH-binding protein (GHBP; 178 ± 19 vs. 109 ± 17 pmol/l), insulin-like
growth factor I (IGF-I; 332 ± 30 vs. 267 ± 34 ng/ml),
testosterone (T; 4.9 ± 0.4 vs. 3.6 ± 0.4 ng/ml), and free
testosterone (Free-T; 22.4 ± 3.6 vs. 15.7 ± 2.8 pg/ml).
Wrestlers had significant postseason reductions in GH (3.44 ± 1.30 ng/ml) and SHBG (10.43 ± 4.13 nmol/l) but elevations
in GHBP (66.7 ± 23.8 pmol/l), IGF-I (72.9 ± 25.1 ng/ml),
T (2.10 ± 0.46 ng/ml), and Free-T (9.76 ± 3.01 pg/ml). Concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol,
prolactin, cortisol, insulin, and thyroid hormones did not differ
because of exercise-dietary practices of wrestlers. In-season
elevations in GH, with concomitant reductions in GHBP and IGF-I, that
were reversed during the postseason suggest a reduction in GH receptor number and partial GH resistance during the season. Nonelevated LH with
reduced T levels suggests a central hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (H-P-G) axis impairment. In conclusion, undernutrition may lead to
altered H-P-G and GH-IGF-I axes function in adolescent wrestlers. However, only the wrestlers' late-season Free-T concentrations were
outside the normal range, and the hormone axis impairments were quickly
reversed. The present data do not address hormonal axis responses to
several years of wrestling and weight loss.
growth hormone; growth hormone-binding protein; insulin-like growth factor; insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3; testosterone
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