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Departments of Medicine and Exercise and Sport Sciences, Center for Exercise Science, University of Florida, and Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida 32610
Received 25 June 1996; accepted in final form 23 December 1996.
Pollock, Michael L., Larry J. Mengelkoch, James E. Graves,
David T. Lowenthal, Marian C. Limacher, Carl Foster, and Jack H. Wilmore. Twenty-year follow-up of aerobic power and body composition of older track athletes. J. Appl.
Physiol. 82(5): 1508-1516, 1997.
The purpose was
to determine the aerobic power (maximal oxygen uptake) and body
composition of older track athletes after a 20-yr follow-up (T3). At 20 yr, 21 subjects [mean ages: 50.5 ± 8.5 yr at initial
evaluation (T1), 60.2 ± 8.8 yr at 10-yr follow-up (T2), and 70.4 ± 8.8 yr at 20-yr follow-up (T3)] were divided into three
intensity groups: high (H; remained elite; n = 9); moderate (M; continued
frequent moderate-to-rigorous endurance training;
n = 10); and low (L; greatly reduced
training; n = 2). All groups
decreased in maximal oxygen uptake at each testing point (H, 8 and
15%; M, 13 and 14%; and L, 18 and 34% from T1 to T2 and T2 to T3,
respectively). Maximal heart rate showed a linear decrease of
~5-7
beats · min
1 · decade1 and was independent
of training status. Body weight remained stable for the H and M groups
and percent fat increased ~2-2.5%/decade. Although fat-free
weight decreased at each testing point, there was a trend for those who
began weight-training exercise to better maintain it. Cross-sectional
analysis at T3 showed that leg strength and bone mineral density were
generally maintained from age 60 to 89 yr. Those who performed weight
training had a greater arm region bone mineral density than those who
did not. These longitudinal data show that the physiological capacities
of older athletes are reduced despite continued vigorous endurance
exercise over a 20-yr period (~8-15%/decade). Changes in body
composition appeared to be less than those shown for the healthy
sedentary population and were related to changes in training habits.
aging; maximal oxygen uptake; weight training; bone mineral density
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