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O2 max in trained
older subjects
Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
Received 10 December 1996; accepted in final form 3 January 1997.
Proctor, David N., and Michael J. Joyner. Skeletal
muscle mass and the reduction of
O2 max in trained
older subjects. J. Appl. Physiol.
82(5): 1411-1415, 1997.
The role of skeletal muscle mass in the
age-associated decline in maximal
O2 uptake (O2 max) is poorly
defined because of confounding changes in muscle oxidative capacity and
in body fat and the difficulty of quantifying active muscle mass during
exercise. We attempted to clarify these issues by
examining the relationship between several indexes of muscle mass, as
estimated by using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and treadmill
O2 max in 32 chronically endurance-trained subjects from four groups
(n = 8/group): young men
(20-30 yr), older men (56-72 yr), young women
(19-31 yr), and older women (51-72 yr).
O2 max per kilogram
body mass was 26 and 22% lower in the older men (45.9 vs. 62.0 ml · kg
1 · min1)
and older women (40.0 vs. 51.5 ml · kg1 · min1).
These age differences were reduced to 14 and 13%, respectively, when
O2 max was expressed
per kilogram of appendicular muscle. When appropriately adjusted for
age and gender differences in appendicular muscle mass by analysis of
covariance, whole body O2 max was 0.50 ± 0.09 l/min less (P < 0.001) in the
older subjects. This effect was similar in both genders.
These findings suggest that the reduced
O2 max seen in highly
trained older men and women relative to their younger counterparts is
due, in part, to a reduced aerobic capacity per kilogram of active
muscle independent of age-associated changes in body composition, i.e.,
replacement of muscle tissue by fat. Because skeletal muscle
adaptations to endurance training can be well maintained in older
subjects, the reduced aerobic capacity per kilogram of muscle likely
results from age-associated reductions in maximal
O2 delivery (cardiac output
and/or muscle blood flow).
gender; dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; master athlete; exercise; maximal oxygen uptake
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