Journal of Applied Physiology
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J Appl Physiol 82: 959-967, 1997;
8750-7587/97 $5.00
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Journal of Applied Physiology
Vol. 82, No. 3, pp. 959-967, March 1997
EXERCISE AND MUSCLE

Multivariate genetic analysis of maximal isometric muscle force at different elbow angles

Martine A. Thomis1, Marc Van Leemputte1, Hermine H. Maes4, Cameron J. R. Blimkie5, Albrecht L. Claessens1, Guy Marchal2, Eustachius Willems1, Robert F. Vlietinck3, and Gaston P. Beunen1

1 Center for Physical Development Research, Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, B-3001 Leuven, and 2 Radiology Unit and 3 Center for Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; 4 Department of Human Genetics, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298; and 5 Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1

Received 3 September 1996; accepted in final form 22 October 1996.

Thomis, Martine A., Marc Van Leemputte, Hermine H. Maes, Cameron J. R. Blimkie, Albrecht L. Claessens, Guy Marchal, Eustachius Willems, Robert F. Vlietinck, and Gaston P. Beunen. Multivariate genetic analysis of maximal isometric muscle force at different elbow angles. J. Appl. Physiol. 82(3): 959-967, 1997.---The maximal isometric moment at five different elbow joint angles was measured in 25 monozygotic and 16 dizygotic male adult twin pairs (22.4 ± 3.7 yr). Genetic model fitting was used to quantify the genetic and environmental contributions to individual differences in isometric strength. Additive genetic factors explained 66-78% of the variance in maximal torque at 170-140-110 and 80° flexion (extension = 180°). At 50° flexion, common and subject-specific environmental factors contributed equally to the variation. The contribution of unique environmental factors concurs with the level of variability in muscle activation and (dis)-comfort of torque production in the specific angle. The relative contribution of lever arm and force-length relationship in torque varies according to the angle. Because these factors might be genetic, this variability is reflected in the genetic contribution at the extreme angles of 170 and 50°. Multivariate analyses suggested a general set of genes that control muscle area and isometric strength, together with a more specific strength factor. Genetic correlations were high (0.82-0.99). Genes responsible for arm-segment lengths did not contribute to muscle area nor to isometric strength.

heredity; genetic model-fitting analysis; twins; maximal voluntary contraction; muscle cross-sectional area

0161-7567/97 $5.00 Copyright © 1997 the American Physiological Society




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