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1 Asthma, Allergy, and Immunological Disease Cooperative Research Center, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and Committees on Clinical Pharmacology, Cell Physiology, and Comparative Medicine and Pathology, Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637; and 2 Krankenhaus Grosshansdorf, Zentrum für Pneumologie und Thoraxchirurgie, LVA Hamburg, D-22927 Grosshansdorf, Germany
Received 22 April 1996; accepted in final form 5 November 1996.
Mitchell, R. W., E. Rühlmann, H. Magnussen, N. M. Muñoz, A. R. Leff, and K. F. Rabe. Conservation of
bronchiolar wall area during constriction and dilation of human
airways. J. Appl. Physiol. 82(3):
954-958, 1997.
We assessed the effect of smooth muscle
contraction and relaxation on airway lumen subtended by the internal
perimeter
(Ai)
and total cross-sectional area (Ao)
of human bronchial explants in the absence of the potential lung
tethering forces of alveolar tissue to test the hypothesis that
bronchoconstriction results in a comparable change of
Ai and
Ao.
Luminal area (i.e.,
Ai) and
Ao
were measured by using computerized videomicrometry, and bronchial wall
area was calculated accordingly. Images on videotape were captured;
areas were outlined, and data were expressed as internal pixel number
by using imaging software. Bronchial rings were dissected in 1.0- to
1.5-mm sections from macroscopically unaffected areas of lungs from
patients undergoing resection for carcinoma, placed in microplate wells
containing buffered saline, and allowed to equilibrate for 1 h.
Baseline, Ao
[5.21 ± 0.354 (SE)
mm2], and
Ai
(0.604 ± 0.057 mm2) were
measured before contraction of the airway smooth muscle (ASM) with
carbachol. Mean
Ai
narrowed by 0.257 ± 0.052 mm2
in response to 10 µM carbachol (P = 0.001 vs. baseline). Similarly, Ao
narrowed by 0.272 ± 0.110 mm2
in response to carbachol (P = 0.038 vs. baseline; P = 0.849 vs. change in
Ai).
Similar parallel changes in cross-sectional area for
Ai
and
Ao
were observed for relaxation of ASM from inherent tone of other
bronchial rings in response to 10 µM isoproterenol. We demonstrate a
unique characteristic of human ASM; i.e., both luminal and total
cross-sectional area of human airways change similarly on contraction
and relaxation in vitro, resulting in a conservation of bronchiolar
wall area with bronchoconstriction and dilation.
airway smooth muscle; cross-sectional area; auxotonic contraction; spontaneous tone; carbamylcholine; isoproterenol
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