Journal of Applied Physiology
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J Appl Physiol 82: 599-606, 1997;
8750-7587/97 $5.00
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Journal of Applied Physiology
Vol. 82, No. 2, pp. 599-606, February 1997
EXERCISE AND MUSCLE

Effect of pulmonary emphysema on diaphragm capillary geometry

David C. Poole1 and Odile Mathieu-Costello2

Departments of 1 Kinesiology and Anatomy/Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-5602; and 2 Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0623

Received 4 March 1996; accepted in final form 11 September 1996.

Poole, David C., and Odile Mathieu-Costello. Effect of pulmonary emphysema on diaphragm capillary geometry. J. Appl. Physiol. 82(2): 599-606, 1997.---In emphysema, the diaphragm shortens by losing sarcomeres. We hypothesized that unless capillaries undergo a similar shortening, capillary geometry must be altered. Without quantifying this geometry, capillary length and surface area per fiber volume, which are critical measurements of the structural potential for blood-tissue exchange, cannot be resolved. Five months after intratracheal elastase (E) or saline (control; C) instillation, diaphragms from male Syrian golden hamsters were glutaraldehyde perfusion fixed in situ at reference lung positions (residual volume, functional residual capacity, total lung capacity) to provide diaphragms fixed over a range of sarcomere lengths. Subsequently, diaphragms were processed for electron microscopy and analyzed morphometrically. Emphysema increased lung volume changes from -20 to 25 cmH2O airway pressure (i.e., passive vital capacity) and excised lung volume (both P < 0.001). In each region of the costal diaphragm (i.e., ventral, medial, dorsal), sarcomere number was reduced (all P < 0.05). Capillary-to-fiber ratio increased (C = 2.2 ± 0.1, E = 2.8 ± 0.1; P < 0.01) and fibers hypertrophied (C = 815 ± 35, E = 987 ± 67 µm2; P < 0.05; both values at 2.5 µm sarcomere length). Capillary geometry was markedly altered by the loss of sarcomeres in series. Specifically, the additional capillary length derived from capillary tortuosity and branching was increased by 183% at 2.5 µm sarcomere length compared with C values (C, 359 ± 43; E, 1,020 ± 158 mm-2, P < 0.01). This significantly increased total capillary length (C, 3,115 ± 173; E, 3,851 ± 219 mm-2 at 2.5 µm, P < 0.05) and surface area (C, 456 ± 13; E, 519 ± 24 cm-1, P < 0.05) per fiber volume. Thus emphysema substantially alters diaphragm capillary geometry and augments the capillary length and surface area available for blood-tissue exchange.

sarcomere length; oxygen exchange; costal diaphragm; pulmonary mechanics; elastase emphysema; respiratory muscles

0161-7567/97 $5.00 Copyright © 1997 the American Physiological Society




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