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Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H2X 2P2
Received 19 March 1996; accepted in final form 26 August 1996.
Bates, Jason H. T., Thomas F. Schuessler, Carrie Dolman, and
David H. Eidelman. Temporal dynamics of acute isovolume bronchoconstriction in the rat. J. Appl.
Physiol. 82(1): 55-62, 1997.
The time course of
lung impedance changes after intravenous injection of bronchial agonist
have produced significant insights into the mechanisms of
bronchoconstriction in the dog (J. H. T. Bates, A.-M. Lauzon, G. S. Dechman, G. N. Maksym, and T. F. Shuessler. J. Appl.
Physiol. 76: 616-626, 1994). We studied the time
course of acute induced bronchoconstriction in five anesthetized
paralyzed open-chest rats injected intravenously with a bolus of
methacholine. For the 16 s immediately after injection, we held the
lung volume constant while applying small-amplitude flow oscillations
at 1.48, 5.45, and 19.69 Hz simultaneously, which provided us with
continuous estimates of lung resistance
(RL) and elastance
(EL) at each
frequency. This procedure was repeated at initial lung inflation
pressures of 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 kPa. Both
RL and
EL increased progressively after
methacholine administration; however, the rate of change of
EL increased dramatically as
frequency was increased, whereas RL remained relatively
independent of frequency. We interpret these findings in terms of a
three-compartment model of the rat lung, featuring two parallel
alveolar compartments feeding into a central airway compartment. Model
simulations support the notions that both central airway shunting and
regional ventilation inhomogeneity developed to a significant degree in
our constricted rats. We also found that the rates of increase in both
RL and
EL were greatly enhanced as the
initial lung inflation pressure was reduced, in accord with the notion
that parenchymal tethering is an important mechanism limiting the
extent to which airways can narrow when their smooth muscle is
stimulated to contract.
lung impedance; frequency dependence of resistance and elastance; parenchymal tethering; central airway shunting; ventilation inhomogeneity
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