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J Appl Physiol 82: 32-41, 1997;
8750-7587/97 $5.00
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Journal of Applied Physiology
Vol. 82, No. 1, pp. 32-41, January 1997
GAS EXCHANGE, MECHANICS, AND AIRWAYS

A distributed nonlinear model of lung tissue elasticity

Geoffrey N. Maksym and Jason H. T. Bates

Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H2X 2P2

Received 3 May 1996; accepted in final form 31 July 1996.

Maksym, Geoffrey N., and Jason H. T. Bates. A distributed nonlinear model of lung tissue elasticity. J. Appl. Physiol. 82(1): 32-41, 1997.---- We present a theory relating the static stress-strain properties of lung tissue strips to the stress-bearing constituents, collagen and elastin. The fiber pair is modeled as a Hookean spring (elastin) in parallel with a nonlinear string element (collagen), which extends to a maximum stop length. Based on a series of fiber pairs, we develop both analytical and numerical models with distributed constituent properties that account for nonlinear tissue elasticity. The models were fit to measured stretched stress-strain curves of five uniaxially stretched tissue strips, each from a different dog lung. We found that the distributions of stop length and spring stiffness follow inverse power laws, and we hypothesize that this results from the complex fractal-like structure of the constituent fiber matrices in lung tissue. We applied the models to representative pressure-volume (PV) curves from patients with normal, emphysematous, and fibrotic lungs. The PV curves were fit to the equation V = A - Bexp(-KP), where V is volume, P is transpulmonary pressure, and A, B, and K are constants. Our models lead to a possible mechanistic explanation of the shape factor K in terms of the structural organization of collagen and elastin fibers.

lung tissue mechanics; collagen; elastin; stress strain; power law; pressure-volume curves

0161-7567/97 $5.00 Copyright © 1997 the American Physiological Society




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